Salonica and the Balkans (First World War)

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Alternative spelling

Salonica, Salonika, Saloniki

Histories

Official History

Military Operations Macedonia compiled by Captain Cyril Falls

Volume I: From the Outbreak of War to the Spring of 1917

Volume II: From the Spring of 1917 to the End of the War.

Part of the series: History of the Great War based on Official Documents. First published 1933-1935, London by HMSO, with later reprints, including a 1996 edition by the Imperial War Museum/Battery Press.

Reprint editions are available online on the Ancestry owned pay website fold3, refer below.

Some of the maps from these two volumes are available online. The French Official History is available online. Refer Historical books online, below.

Regimental and Corps Histories

• History of the Royal Regiment of Artillery : the Forgotten Fronts and the Home Base 1914-18 by Sir Martin Farndale 1988. Available at the British Library UIN: BLL01008145796
• Collections and Recollections of 107th Field Coy., R.E.. Author: Great Britain. Army. Royal Engineers. Field Coy, 107th. Author may also be listed as M J Rattray. Published 1918. Available at the British Library UIN: BLL01001096078 . "The first of 2 volumes recording the unit's services in Macedonia/Salonica".

Further Recollections of 107th Field Coy., R.E. [in Macedonia, 1915-1918]. Author: Great Britain. Army. Royal Engineers. Field Coy, 107th. Author may also be listed as "Sapper J Robertson and Former Lieutenant M J Rattray". Published 1920. Available at the British Library UIN: BLL01001096079

• The Railway Gazette Special War Transportation Number, originally published in September 1920, as part of The Railway Gazette and Railway News. Described at the time as ‘the first connected account’ of the role of railways and inland water transport in supporting the British military campaign during the Great War of 1914-18. Contains a wealth of detail on operations on most Fronts inc. the organisation of wartime transportation; statistics and Fronts, including Railway Operations in Macedonia, Mesopotamia, Palestine & East Africa. Available at the British Library as part of UIN: BLL01013904893 or in a 2013 reprint edition UIN: BLL01016871224. Also available in a reprint edition.

Italy

The Apulia region of Italy was used as a rest area for British troops serving in the Salonika campaign. There were several rest camps there, as well as Base Hospitals and stores depot.

The British Salonika Force and the Army of the Black Sea

Immediately after the Armistice with Turkey orders had been issued for British troops to move to the Caucasus, due to the situation there. Troops were sent from the nearest British forces available, from the Salonika Force, and from North Persia [Mesopotamia Force]. Subsequently all troops came under control of the British Salonika Force, which later became known as the Army of the Black Sea, with Headquarters at Constantinople.

See Norperforce for these actions.

War Diaries at the National Archives, Kew

War Diaries at the National Archives, Kew include the category "Part V: Salonika, Macedonia, Turkey Black Sea, Caucasus and South Russia". The record series ranges from WO 95/4756 to WO 95/4964 This series of War Diaries does not appear to have been digitised.

An annotated copy of the South Wales Borderers 7th Battalion’s war diary, covering the period from September 1915 to October 1919 is available from The Regimental Museum of The Royal Welsh. (Brief details would appear in The History of the South Wales Borderers 1914 -1918 by C.T.Atkinson, originally published 1931, and available at the British Library in a reprint edition UIN: BLL01009164174. Also available online on a pay website, refer below.)

The War Diary of 8 Field Survey Company R.E. has been transcribed, see Historical books online, below.

Aviation articles

• "HMS Canning and 7 Kite Balloon Section (RNAS) at Salonika" by Ian Burns, The New Mosquito #35 : April 2017. Edited from the following article, but with additional information "Kite Balloons at Sea: Gallipoli and Salonika 1915-16" by Ian Burns Cross and Cockade International Journal (Vol. 46, Number 1) Spring 2015. 1st page of CCI article
• "Diary of Harry J.E. Burtenshaw 45040, 27 Kite Balloon Section, Royal Flying Corps, Part V" by Graham Fullalove The New Mosquito #35 : April 2017. Parts I-II-III Issues 30-31-32. Part IV not known, but probably 33 or 34.

External links

• Details about Military Operations Macedonia, Volume II The Official British History. balkanalysis.com
• The British Army in Macedonia bulgarianartillery.it. Listing of regiments and some officers. Possibly sourced from the Official History volumes.
• "Succor for Serbia: The British Naval Mission to Serbia in 1915" by Carl Savich August 30, 2016. serbianna.com, archived.
• "Macedonia 1916-1918: Indian Military Transport Units in Macedonia" by Harry Fecitt, Harry’s Sideshows kaiserscross.com
• "The 9th (Service) Battalion the Border Regiment (Pioneers) in Macedonia November 1915 - March 1919" by Harry Fecitt Harry’s Sideshows kaisercross.com
• "The 9th (Service) Battalion East Lancashire Regiment in Macedonia November 1915 - March 1919" by Harry Fecitt Harry’s Sideshows kaisercross.com
• 801 MT COY ASC 801st Mechanical Transport Company of the Army Service Corps [British Army]
• "Over the Balkans and South Russia" Flight Global article January 10, 1924 about No. 47 Squadron, RAF. flightglobal.com, now archived.
• "WW1 Air Warfare in Eastern Macedonia" balkanhistory.org
• Great War Forum includes a category "Salonika & the Balkans"
• Salonika Campaign Society [SCS] The Society's Journal is The New Mosquito, published from April 2000. An archived webpage shows the contents of most/some Journals to Issue 32, September 2015, and a second archived page shows the contents of earlier issues to Issue 15. Category: New Mosquito, from the current website, includes details of Issues 42 (September 2020), to 35 (April 2017); and limited earlier editions. SCS produces a DVD set of Maps etc- for details, see the categories at the top of the webpage, or use the search term DVD in the website Search. A DVD of all issues of The Mosquito (see following item) is also now available, (released 2019/09/19).
• IWM catalogue details of The Mosquito : The Official Organ Of The Salonika Reunion Association 1927-1964, and The Mosquito Index Also "Salonika Memories : the Mosquito, 1915-1919" Imperial War Museums. Note: the items themselves are not available online from IWM, but The Mosquito is available on DVD from the Salonika Campaign Society, see previous entry above. This journal contains many personal accounts.
• "Bibliography: Reminiscences of the Salonika Campaign" from The Gardeners of Salonika: The Macedonian Campaign 1915-1918 by Alan Palmer, originally published 1965. Google Books

Salonika Campaign Bibliography salonikacampaignsociety.org.uk

• Salonika Commonwealth War Graves Commission (CWGC), now an archived webpage.

Salonika: The Forgotten Front. Commonwealth War Graves Commission (CWGC), now an archived webpage.

• Salonika (Lembet Road) Military Cemetery ww1cemeteries.com
• Struma Military Cemetery ww1cemeteries.com
• "The Indian Cemetery In Salonica" by Helen Abadzi. For deaths 1916-1920. Website of the "Indo-Hellenic Society for Culture & Development", November 30th, 2006. This title is also available on academia.edu.

"Some forgotten Indians speak of the Great War" Details of a school project, with links to a slideshow. Although the text is in Greek, the slideshow contains photographs. elinepa.org

• "Military Cemeteries Of The First World War In Macedonia Region: Routes Of Reading History In Search The Common Cultural Heritage" by Eleni Gavra and Vlasis Vlasidis macedonian-heritage.gr. 1st Specialty International Conference on Monumental Cemeteries. Knowledge, Conservation, Restyling and Innovation, (Μodena, 3-5 May, 2006), Roma, 2007, ISBN 978 88 54801147-8, vol. 1, pp.179-189
• Salonika campaign National Army Museum

Soldiers’ Stories: [Diary extracts] Captain Noel Drury of 6th Battalion The Royal Dublin Fusiliers 1915-1916. National Army Museum.

• "A Nurse in Salonika – the Diary of Edith Moor" by Anthony Richards. October 1916 to November 1917. Moor was in Queen Alexandra’s Imperial Military Nursing Service, posted to the 43rd General Hospital. Initially the vast majority of the patients she treated were suffering from malaria. Archived page, Salonika Campaign Society.
• Memoir of Jane McLennan, Australian Army Nursing Service. Enlisted on 28 May 1917 for overseas service. Served No. 3 Unit, 60th General Hospital Salonika. In March 1918 she was invalided back to Australia with heart disease. Original diary with transcript. State Library of Queensland. From page 23 "The night staff had to take every precaution against mosquito bites and wore gloves, puttees, hat and a net veil on duty but many of the sisters went down with the disease [malaria] in spite of these precautions". Jane McLennan: Time Line “A State of War” State Library of Queensland.
• The WWI Military Memoirs of Captain Dark, MC.
Australian Doctor, Great War. The very end of the account includes a short section on his time in Macedonia, in a General Hospital under canvas at the head of the Vardar Marshes. vlib.us, The World War I Document Archive/The Medical Front.
• [1918 Balkans] "Diary of Lt Victor Edward Borgonon (1882-1966)"
• A Field Ambulance In Salonika, 1916-17 Health History @Huddersfield University
• "My Tommy’s War: Mules and malaria" by Kate Jarman 12 July 2013 The National Archives Blog. Walter John Cooke was a Driver within the 1st South Midland Brigade, Royal Field Artillery.
• "The Salonica Campaign of the First World War from an Archaeologist’s Perspective: Alan J.B. Wace’s Greece Untrodden (1964)" by David Wills Balkan Studies 50 (2015) pages 139-157. Alan J.B. Wace worked clandestinely in Athens for British Intelligence. From page 141 there is a section titled “British perceptions of the Salonica Front” imxa.gr, now an archived page.
• Memoir of Charles Blyth Holton Scroll down for his WW1 memories. Born near Smyrna Turkey, he joined the British Army in the UK and was posted to Salonika, where he was sent to work in Athens, on port control duties. He then returned to Salonika working as an intelligence officer. Images of Salonica Both links levantineheritage.com
• Home away from the home front: the British in the Balkans during the Great War by Rachel Richardson 2014 PhD thesis, Birkbeck, University of London. A social history.
• "Dr Hirszfeld’s War: Tropical Medicine and the Invention of Sero-Anthropology on the Macedonian Front" by Jacob Mikanowski. citeseerx.ist.psu.edu. 2011 advance draft of an article published in Social History of Medicine, Volume 25, Issue 1, 1 February 2012, pages 103–121. Malaria and other diseases.
• British Medical Volunteers
  • "The British Military Hospitals In Macedonia During The First World War" by Vladimir Cvetkovski. Prilozi Section of Medical Sciences Volume 37, Issue 1 (Jun 2016) pages 85-90, archived.
  • "British Medical Volunteers and the Balkan Front 1914-1918: The Case of Dr Katherine Stuart MacPhail" by Samuel Foster University of Sussex Journal of Contemporary History 14 (2013), pp. 4-16
  • "British Medical Missions in Serbia 1914-1915" by Milan Radovanovic London Philatelist June 2012 121 – pages 179-186, archived.
  • "From the Fringe of the North to the Balkans: The Balkans Viewed by Scottish Medical Women during World War I" by Costel Coroban. Revista Română de Studii Baltice şi Nordice, Vol. 4, Issue 1 (2012): pp. 53-82. f.hypotheses.org
  • "The Scottish Women’s Hospitals for Foreign Service – the Girton and Newnham Unit, 1915–1918" by E Morrison [Elaine] and C Parry. J R Coll Physicians Edinb 2014; 44: 337–43. Under the leadership of Dr Louise McIlroy, served in France, Serbia and Greece. Includes mention of the Calcutta Orthopaedic Centre for French and Serbian soldiers in the Eastern Army, established with funds raised in Calcutta.
• Photograph: A convoy of lorries from 689 Motor Transport Company (ASC) halted on the Seres Road c 1917 iwm.org.uk
• Serbian Great War Digital Library National Library of Serbia. Includes images, maps, some books in English.
• Lost Bulgaria, photographs of Bulgarian history includes a category All photos of the First World War (1914-1918) lostbulgaria.com. Bulgarian website, but it is possible to select the English language option (or Google Chrome will translate automatically).

Prisoners of War

• Pursuit of an 'Unparalleled Opportunity': The American YMCA and Prisoner of War Diplomacy among the Central Power Nations during World War I 1914-1923 by Kenneth Steuer, written as a dissertation in 2008. Website of Gutenberg-e, a program of the American Historical Association and Columbia University Press.
  • Bulgarian Prison Camps. Click on the map for a list of the camps in Bulgaria, being 1. Dobritch; 2. Eski-Djoumaja; 3. Harmanlu; 4. Haskovo; 5. Nish; 6. Philippolis (Plovdiv); 7. Rakhovo; 8. Rassgard; 9. Rustchak (Rousse); 10. Schmen; 11. Sliven; 12. Sofia; 13. Starazagora; 14. Tatar Bazarjik; 15. Varna
  • "Appendix A: Prison Camps: Bulgaria". This alphabetical list, which contains information about location, appears to be from an earlier/different version of the above book, and does not appear to be included in the current version. Numbers on the map are the same as the list above.

"First World War Central Power Prison Camps" by Kenneth Steuer 1-1-2013 History Faculty Publications, Western Michigan University . Includes Bulgarian Prison Camps

• Prisoners of War in Bulgaria during the First World War A dissertation submitted as part of the Tripos Examination in the Faculty of History, Cambridge University, April 2012. No author is given on the paper but elsewhere the author is given as Rumen Cholakov. This is a link to a pdf download. Once downloaded, depending on your browser, you may need to look in your download folder.The camp at Plovdiv [Philippopolis, Philippoupolis] housed all British and most French prisoners from 1916 onwards.
• Prisoners of War and Internees (South East Europe) by Bogdan Trifunović. encyclopedia.1914-1918. Briefly mentions British POWs in Bulgaria.
• Plovdiv Central Cemetery, Bulgaria. Contains Commonwealth War Graves from several sites. ww1cemeteries.com

findmypast introduced a database in March 2017, "British Army, Plovdiv Military Cemetery Burials", perhaps from the previously mentioned website, with images of the graves.

• Also see Prisoners of the Turks (First World War) for an indication of the types of records which may be available, including the National Archives records FO 383. In particular FO383/370 contains an informative file 4 inches thick.

Maps online

• 14 Maps from Military Operations Macedonia of a total of approximately 23. Aikaterini Laskaridis Foundation.
• Balkans WWI Six maps. Digital Archive @ McMaster University Library. Includes " Salonika: Map of Hospital Locations"
• 1918 Map of Serbia showing the daily progress of the Allied and Serbian armies northwards, as they liberated the country from occupying Bulgarian, Austrian and German forces, from 15 September to 21 November 1918. [Imprimerie du Ministère de la Guerre de la Marine], 1918 nla.gov.au
• Salonica Front Map showing localities in War Flying in Macedonia Map taken from War flying in Macedonia by Captain Georg Wilhelm Heydemarck, translated by Claud W. Sykes, c 1935. (Available at the British Library UIN: BLL01001617758 and in a reprint edition.) (Translation of Feldflieger über Mazedonien 1933) levantineheritage.com. There is also an additional map, together with some illustrations. (First page of an article "Hauptmann Heydemarck & Captain Saunders" by Mike Kelsey. Cross & Cockade International Winter 2016 47.243. (Hauptmann=Captain))
• There are also maps in some books in the following section.

Historical books online

• The Balkans: A Laboratory of History by William M Sloane, Professor of History, Columbia University, 1914. Archive.org. Revised and Enlarged edition 1920 Archive.org
• Secrets of the Balkans: Seven Years of a Diplomatist’s Life in the Storm Centre of Europe by Charles J Vopicka, United States Envoy…to Roumania, Serbia and Bulgaria 1913-1920. 1920 Archive.org
• Military Operations Macedonia. From the Outbreak of War to the Spring of 1917 compiled by Captain Cyril Falls 1933 HMSO. Part of the series History of the Great War based on official documents. Archive.org. Also available Google Books.

Military Operations Macedonia compiled by Captain Cyril Falls Volume I: From the Outbreak of War to the Spring of 1917 and Volume II: From the Spring of 1917 to the End of the War are available in reprint editions, which in turn are available on the Ancestry owned pay website fold3 as Macedonia (located in Military Books-located by the Search/Macedonia). Note Volume II appears before Volume I.

• History of the Great War based on official documents. Order of Battle of Divisions Parts 1, 2A, 2B, 3A, 3B and 4 all by Major A.F. Becke (London: HMSO, 1935-1945) are available in reprint editions, which in turn are available as one digital book of 1224 pages titled Order of Battle of Divisions on the Ancestry owned pay website fold3, located in Military Books-located by the Search/Britain. Includes Macedonia.

There were subsequent publications Order of Battle of Divisions Part 5A, Divisions of Australia, Canada and New Zealand and those in East Africa, compiled by F.W. Perry c 1992. Available at the British Library UIN: BLL01006378898 and Order of Battle of Divisions. Part 5B, Indian Army Divisions compiled by F. W. Perry c 1993 available at the B.L. UIN: BLL01008151437 . The latter is also catalogued with the additional title History of the Great War : based on official documents. These may possibly include Macedonia.

• "Despatch from Lieutenant -General G.F. Milne dated 8th October 1916" The London Gazette. Publication date: 5 December 1916 Supplement: 29851 Page:11931

"Despatch from Lieutenant -General G.F. Milne dated 1st October 1917" The London Gazette. Publication date:13 November 1917 Supplement: 30380 Page: 11779

"Despatch from General Sir G.F. Milne dated 1st December 1918" The London Gazette. Publication date: 21 January 1919 Supplement: 31139 Page: 1169

Despatch from General Sir G.F. Milne, a one page supplement to the despatch dated 1st December 1918 The London Gazette. Publication date: 14 October 1919 Supplement: 31600 Page:12733

• "Chapter XI. At Salonika" and following chapter, pages 218-254 Alarms & excursions : reminiscences of a soldier by Lieut.-Gen. Sir Tom Bridges 1938. He was on a "special mission to the Balkans". Archive.org Books to Borrow/Lending Library. Tom Bridges Wikipedia.
• French Official Histories: Les Armées françaises dans la Grande Guerre sga.defense.gouv.fr. French language. Includes: Tome VIII. La campagne d'Orient (Dardanelles et Salonique) in three volumes: Premier volume.La campagne d'Orient jusqu'à l'intervention de la Roumanie (février 1915 - août 1916); Deuxième volume. La campagne d'Orient depuis l'intervention de la Roumanie en août 1916 jusqu'en avril 1918; Troisième volume. La campagne d'Orient, d'avril 1918 à décembre 1918. There are maps (Cartes) and panoramic sketches (Croquis panoramiques).
• German semi Official History: Herbstschlacht in Macedonien, Cernabogen 1916 by Georg Strutz 1925. Band [Volume] 5 in the series Schlachten des Weltkrieges. Oö. Landesbibliothek, the Digital State Library of Upper Austria. German language. With maps and photographs which may be located by clicking on the Thumbnail gallery. Archive.org version 1921, where it is classified as Heft [Issue] 3.
• Official History of Austria-Hungary: Österreich-Ungarns Letzter Krieg, 1914-1918 Chief Editor Edmund Glaise-Horstenau. In seven volumes, each with a supplementary volume (Beilagen/Beil) of Maps, and a final volume of miscellaneous appendices (Registerband). Oö. Landesbibliothek, the Digital State Library of Upper Austria. German language.
  • Austria-Hungary's Last War, 1914-1918 In English, translated by Stan Hanna.
• Turkish language Official Histories Birinci Dünya Harbi Serisi / World War I Series from Ministry of National Defence, Republic of Turkey. Includes maps. Item 14: Birinci Dünya Harbi, Avrupa Cepheleri, Makedonya Cephesi C.7 Ks.3. Using Google Translate First World War, European Fronts, Macedonian Front C.7 Ks.3. Direct pdf link. There is also item 15 Birinci Dünya Harbi, Türk Hava Harekatı C.9 Air Operations, and item 16 Birinci Dünya Harbinde Türk Harbi, Deniz Harekâtı C.8 Naval Operations
• Medical
  • History of the Great War: Medical Services: General History, Volume IV by G W Macpherson 1924. Includes Salonika. Archive.org

  Also in this series: Medical Services: Diseases of the War Volume I, Includes Malaria. Archive.org.

  • Memoranda on some medical diseases in the Mediterranean war area, with some sanitary notes HMSO 1916. Archive.org
  • "Typhus Fever" page 133 History of the Great War: Medical Services: Diseases of the War Volume I Archive.org

  Typhus Fever: with particular reference to the Serbian Epidemic by Richard P Strong, Director of the American Red Cross and International Sanitary Commissions to Serbia. 1920 Archive.org

  • Anti-malaria Work in Macedonia among British Troops by W G Willoughby 1918. Archive.org version, mirror from Digital Library of India.
  • Salonika Diary 1915-1918. (Harold Arthur) Thomas Fairbank was an Officer in the Royal Army Medical Corps. His unit was moved to Macedonia to serve in Struma valley, and he was appointed consulting surgeon to the British Salonika Force. From the Fairbank Papers, University of Cambridge Digital Library. Typed manuscript, photographs etc.
  • Fifty Thousand Miles on a Hospital Ship by “The Padre” [Charles Steel Wallis] 1917 Archive.org. The hospital ship that Padre Wallis joined in 1915 was most likely the 'Goorkha'. The ship arrived in Salonika from page 268 by which time the ship was a British Hospital Ship (previously Indian Hospital Ship).
  • The Convoy Call, Christmas Number 1916. Regimental Journal, No 5 Canadian General Hospital, published at Salonica. Includes a history of the Unit in Salonica from 1 January 1916, page 8. Additional issues: Volume 1, No. 3 (October 26 1916) and Volume 1, No. 4 (November 11 1916). canadiana.ca
  • "Chapter XII", page 134 Behind the Wheel of a War Ambulance by Robert Whitney Imbrie 1918 Archive.org. The author was a volunteer with the American Ambulance, in France and, from October 1916 until April 1917, the Balkans, (Macedonia, Albania) where he was attached to the French “Army of the Orient” L’Armee Francaise d’Orient (French Expeditionary Force). The author was, or became, part of the American Field Service. Robert Whitney Imbrie Wikipedia He was later American Vice Consul in Teheran, and was murdered there in 1924.

  Some extracts from this book are included, along with accounts from other members of the group of American drivers in

  "In the Orient" [Balkans], page 341, Volume I History of the American Field Service in France, “Friends of France", 1914-1917 told by its members and page 183, Volume III both published 1920. Archive.org

  • Uncensored Letters from the Dardanelles written to his English Wife by a French Medical Officer of Le Corps Expeditionnaire D’Orient [Joseph Marguerite Jean Vassal] 1916 Archive.org. Includes Serbia. Book No. 4 in the series Soldiers’ Tales of the Great War.
• "Casualties in Months, Salonica" page 288 Statistics of the Military Effort of the British Empire during the Great War, 1914-1920. The War Office HMSO 1922 Archive.org
• History of the Corps of Royal Engineers, Volume VI: Gallipoli, Macedonia, Egypt and Palestine 1914-18, edited by H.L. Pritchard, published 1952. nzsappers.org.nz. Note: Volume VI does not include information about Signals as "The history of their work is being produced by the Royal Corps of Signals themselves".

"An Unofficial History of the Signal Service with the British Salonika Force 1915-1918" by Capt C C S White The Royal Engineers Journal. nzsappers.org.nz

Part 1 Scroll to pages 647-658 (the digital file commences page 537) Vol XL No 4 December 1926; and Part 2 Scroll to pages 97-108 Vol XLI No 1 March 1927. The latter also includes the Occupation of Constantinople, see Norperforce.

The War Diary of 8 Field Survey Company R.E. British Salonika Force from 1 January 1917 to 10 April 1919. Transcribed from a National Archives, Kew document. Historical Papers: Defence Surveyors' Association Scroll down. Direct pdf link.

"Inland Waterways and Docks, Royal Engineers in War Time, with special reference to the mystery port of Richborough (Lecture & Discussion)" by Captain A E Battle, RE Proceedings of the Victorian Institute of Engineers 1923-1924, pages 104-116. Includes Inland Water Transport in Mesopotamia, and brief mention of other theatres of war Egypt, Salonika, East Africa, Italy and Northern Russia. Melbourne University Digital Collection.

Records of the Survey of India, Volume 20. The War Record 1914-1920 1925. If the download button does not display, locate in Books/Survey Of India, or Direct link PAHAR Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset. Google Books version (now full view). Archive.org version. Work of Royal Engineers and other staff of the Survey of India mapping in various theatres of war, in Mesopotamia, Kurdistan, Macedonia, Arabia, Persia, Palestine, East Africa and Afghanistan.

• The Royal Army Service Corps: A History of Transport and Supply in the British Army, Volume II by Colonel R H Beadon 1931. Archive.org, mirror from Digital Library of India. Includes the First World War period, with a chapter on the Balkans.

Macedonian Musings by V J [Vincent Julian] Seligman 1918 Archive.org. The author was an officer in the ASC, the Requisitioning or Purchasing Officer for the Xth Infantry Brigade (page 51).

The Salonica Side-show by V J Seligman 1919 Archive.org

With the Serbs in Macedonia by Douglas Walshe 1920 Archive.org. The author was an officer with 708 Company M T, ASC, a Light Supply and Ammunition Column of Ford vans attached to the Serbian Army.

• A History of the Army Ordnance Services, Volume III: The Great War by Major General Arthur Forbes 2nd edition 1932, first published 1929. Archive.org, mirror from Digital Library of India. Includes Chapter XII Salonika, page 236. OCR Text version OCR Text version: Salonika
• The Post Office of India in the Great War edited by H.A. Sams 1922 Archive.org. "The Dardanelles, Salonika and Constantinople 1915-1919" page 103.
• War in the Air: being the story of the part played in the Great War by the Royal Air Force Volume V by H A Jones 1935. Part of the series History of the Great War based on official documents. Includes Macedonia. Archive.org

Over the Balkans and South Russia, being the history of no. 47 Squadron, Royal Air Force by H.A. Jones 1923. HathiTrust Digital Library, available to those in areas such as North America. Contents details. Available at the British Library UIN: BLL01001895421 . Also reprinted in 1987.

• The War and the Balkans by Noel Buxton MP and Charles Roden Buxton 1915 Archive.org
• Russia, the Balkans and the Dardanelles by Granville Fortescue, Special Correspondent of The Daily Telegraph 1915 Archive.org
• The Intervention of Bulgaria : and the Central Macedonian question by Crawfurd Price 1915 Archive.org

The Balkan Cockpit, the political and military story of the Balkan Wars in Macedonia by W H Crawfurd Price 1915 Archive.org

Light on the Balkan Darkness by Crawfurd Price 1915 Archive.org

The Dawn of Armageddon or The provocation by Serbia, (vide German note to neutrals, Jan. 11, 1917) by Crawfurd Price 1917 Archive.org

The Role of Serbia. A brief account of Serbia's place in world politics and her services during the war by Crawfurd Price, formerly Correspondent of the Times with the Serbian Army. 1918 Archive.org

Serbia's Part in the War, Volume I: The Rampart against Pan-Germanism being the political and military story of the Austro-Serbian campaigns by Crawfurd Price 1918. Archive.org. This appears to have been the only volume published.

• Through the Serbian campaign : the Great Retreat of the Serbian Army by Gordon Gordon-Smith 1916 Archive.org. During the Word War, the author, a journalist from 1887, was war correspondent of the Daily Graphic of London, of the Manchester Guardian and of the New York Tribune.

From Serbia to Jugoslavia: Serbia's Victories, Reverses and Final Triumph, 1914-1918 by Gordon Gordon-Smith 1920 Archive.org.

• "Serbia-Smederevo-San Giovanni di Medua" Chapter II page 82 By Sea and Land : Some Naval Doings by E Hilton Young, MP, Lieutenant Commander RNVR 1920 Archive.org . Book is catalogued under the surname Kennet - he became Lord Kennet from 1935. Hilton Young, 1st Baron Kennet Wikipedia. He was appointed in 1915 to the British Naval Mission on the Danube, under Rear-Admiral Troubridge, and was part of the Great Retreat of the Serbian Army and civilians to the Adriatic coast port of San Giovanni di Medua or Shengjin in northwestern Albania, where the Naval Mission was in charge of the evacuation. "Succor for Serbia: The British Naval Mission to Serbia in 1915" serbianna.com
• The Guardians of the Gate : Historical Lectures on the Serbs by the Rev R. G. D Laffan 1918. Archive.org. Based on a series of lectures on [then] modern Serbian history given to the scattered companies of the [British] ASC (MT) attached to the Serbian Army.
• "Part I Salonika, and Part II Serbia" The War in Eastern Europe by John Reed 1916. Archive.org. Travel in April-October 1915. The author was an American journalist.
• My Balkan Log by J Johnston Abraham 1922 Archive.org

"With the First Red Cross Mission to Serbia". Extract from Chapter X , Surgeon's Journey by James Johnston Abraham, in charge of The First British Red Cross Serbian Mission in 1915. vlib.us

• The Story of a Red Cross Unit in Serbia by James Berry, F May Dickinson Berry, W Lyon Blease 1916 Archive.org. The Anglo-Serbian Hospital, or the Royal Free Hospital.

The Luck of Thirteen : Wanderings and Flight through Montenegro and Serbia by Mr and Mrs Jan Gordon 1916 Archive.org. Jan was acting as engineer to Dr Berry’s Serbian Mission from the Royal Free Hospital, and his wife Jo was a V A D. After six months they took a holiday, leaving with two knapsacks.

• Experiences in Serbia, 1914-15 ... Reprinted from "The Lancet", November 6, 1915. by James Thomas Jackman Morrison. 1915. British Library Digital file. He was with a British Hospital Unit with the Serbian Relief Fund.

The Flaming Sword in Serbia and Elsewhere by Mrs St. Clair Stobart 1916 Archive.org The author organized and directed a hospital for the Serbian Relief Fund

My diary in Serbia, April 1, 1915-Nov. 1, 1915 by Monica M Stanley, attached to the Stobart Field Hospital in Serbia. 1916 Archive.org

Letters from a Field Hospital by Mabel Dearmer 1915 Archive.org. The husband of author Mabel Dearmer was appointed as Chaplain to the British units in Serbia, so she volunteered as an orderly with the Stobart Serbian Unit. She died at Kragujevatz of typhoid fever July 1915.

The Retreat from Serbia through Montenegro and Albania by Olive M Aldridge 1916. The author was with the Serbian Relief Fund under Mrs Stobart from July 1915, until she reached London in December 1915. Archive.org

"The Great Retreat In Serbia In 1915" by M. I. Tatham. (Scroll down). First published in Everyman at War: Sixty Personal Narratives of the War edited by C. B. Purdom 1930. Miss M I Tatham served (1915) with Stobart Field Hospital (Serbian Relief Unit), Kraguyevatz, Serbia. edinburghs-war.ed.ac.uk, now an archived web page. Also at firstworldwar.com.

With our Serbian Allies by Lady Paget 1915 Archive.org. Report of Lady Paget’s Hospital, Serbian Relief Fund at Skopje c June 1915.

"Letter from Skopje Dec 18, 1915" by George B Logan, an American volunteer at Lady Paget’s Hospital, then in enemy hands. Pages 456-457 The Princeton Alumni Weekly, February 23, 1916. Google Books

A Farmer in Serbia by Ellen Chivers Davies. 1916 Hathi Trust Digital Library, accessible to those in some areas such as North America. An account of the nursing (not agricultural) experiences of the 2nd British Farmers Unit [so called because of the funding], Serbian Relief Fund. The author became a prisoner.

Report by Sir Ralph Paget ... on the Retreat of Part of the British Hospital Units from Serbia, October-December, 1915 with a Map. British Library Digital file. Also available on HathiTrust Digital Library

• With Serbia into Exile; an American's Adventures with the Army that Cannot Die by Fortier Jones 1916. Archive.org. Paul Fortier Jones, American journalist was initially with the Columbia University Relief Expedition, for the relief of non combatants. These men were recruited as drivers - each to have an automobile for carrying supplies together with an English-speaking Serb to act as an interpreter. He subsequently joined the Christitch Mission at Valjevo, run by Mlle Anna Christitch, of the London Daily Express.
• The Stricken Land: Serbia as we saw it by Alice and Claude Askew 1916 Archive.org. In 1915, both Alice and Claude Askew, who were authors, travelled to Serbia as part of a relief effort with a British field hospital that would be attached to the Second Serbian Army. They were also Special Correspondents for the British newspaper Daily Express. (Wikipedia)
• "Serbia", page 79, Part Three: A History of the Scottish Women's Hospitals by Eva Shaw McLaren 1919. Account continues in other Parts, see Contents. Archive.org, (from a microfilm copy).

Elsie Inglis: The Woman with the Torch by Eva Shaw McLaren 1920. Gutenberg.org. Includes "Chapter X: Serbia"

"Chapter IX: Serbia", page 162 Dr. Elsie Inglis by Lady Frances Balfour [1918] Archive.org.

"Diary of a Dresser of the Serbian Unit of the Scottish Women’s Hospital" by L E Fraser page 776 Blackwood’s Magazine, no 197 January-June 1915 Archive.org

At the Serbian Front in Macedonia by P E Stebbing 1917 Archive.org. The author was Transport Officer to a Unit of the Scottish Women’s Hospitals (The author had previously spent many years in the Indian Forest Service.)

"An Englishwoman's Experiences on a Journey to the Eastern Front" by Constance Smith, an article dated 13.1.19. Queen Mary's Army Auxiliary Corps Newsletter/Journal, probably March 1919. Link to a download to your computer, which you may need to locate in your downloads folder. She went to join the Scottish Women’s Hospital in Macedonia in January 1917. From the website ww1lit.nsms.ox.ac.uk.

Memories of a Doctor in War and Peace by Isabel Hutton 1960. Archive.org version, mirror from Digital Library of India. She was also the author of With a Woman's Unit in Serbia, Salonika and Sebastopol published 1928, Snippet Google Books. She was with Scottish Women's Hospitals. Isabel Emslie Hutton Wikipedia

Biographical details of Olive May King (adb.anu.edu.au), an Australian, who was an ambulance driver who had provided her own ambulance with the Scottish Women's Hospitals Girton and Newnham Unit 1915-1916. In 1916 she joined the Serbian Army as a driver. Her account appears online on many pages with catalogue entry of pages in The beauty and the sorrow : an intimate history of the First World War by Peter Englund 2011. Archive.org Books to Borrow/Lending Library. King's letters were published as One woman at war : letters of Olive King 1915-1920 edited and with an introduction by Hazel King published by Melbourne University Press, 1986. Available at Deakin University Library, Victoria Australia, catalogue entry with some details.

• Experiences of a Woman Doctor in Serbia by Dr Caroline Matthews 1916 Archive.org. The author worked independently in Serbia in a Military Hospital as a Red Cross doctor. She subsequently became a POW and was suspected of being a spy. Later in her captivity in Hungary she was placed with a group of fellow prisoners from a Scottish Women’s Hospitals Unit.
• Under Three Flags; with the Red Cross in Belgium, France and Serbia by St. Clair Livingston and Ingeborg Steen-Hansen 1916 Archive.org
• A Nation at Bay: What an American woman saw and did in suffering Serbia by Ruth S Farnam 1918 Archive.org. She initially worked at a hospital run by Madame Grouitch, an American married to a Serbian diplomat. Subsequently she joined a group connected with Prince and Princess Alexis where she was in charge of medical stores for hospitals in the area. Later she raised funds in England and America, and visited the American unit of the Scottish Women’s Hospitals at Ostrove.
• "Serbia’s Agony. How America Helped to Save a Land Laid Waste" by Her Excellency Madame Slavko Grouitch page 144 The Armies of Mercy, Harper's Pictorial Library of the World War, Volume VII 1920 Archive.org.
• Amelia Peabody Tileston and her canteens for the Serbs by Mary Wilder Tileston 1920 Archive.org.
• An English woman-sergeant in the Serbian Army by Flora Sandes 1916 Archive.org. LibriVox audio recording Archive.org

The Autobiography of a Woman Soldier: A Brief Record of Adventure with the Serbian Army 1916-1919 by Flora Sandes c 1927 Archive.org

The Lovely Sergeant by Alan Burgess 1963. Archive.org Books to Borrow/ Lending Library. Flora Sandes

• "The First World War" Chapter 15, page 186 Salonica, City of Ghosts by Mark Mazower. 2005. Endnotes page 459. Archive.org Books to Borrow/ Lending Library.
• A Six-Hour Shift by William McFee 1920 Archive.org. The author was an engineer on a refrigerated cargo ship (supplying frozen meat to the Armee d’Orient), which appears to have been moored off Salonika (for an extended period). 1920. Archive.org. William McFee Wikipedia which states "During World War I he served in the Royal Navy as engineer in various transport ships". He wrote many books.
• "A Consulate in War-Time" page 306 A Consul In The East by A. C. Wratislaw 1924. Archive.org. The author was the British Consul in Salonika 1915-1919.
• "Salonika Chapter III" page 67 Last Changes Last Chances by Henry W. Nevinson 1928 Archive.org. Elsewhere, the author was stated to be "the leading war correspondent of the Edwardian era." He appears to have been in Salonika c November 1915- March 1916. Includes a short description of Captain Malcolm Burr (elsewhere stated to be in charge of No 1 Civil Labour Battalion, who wrote Slouch Hat by Malcolm Burr 1935, available at the British Library UIN: BLL01000544165, and for those with University access, on HathiTrust Digital Library). Henry Nevinson Wikipedia.
• With the French in France and Salonika by Richard Harding Davis New York 1916 Archive.org
• From The Motor Cycle, Volume 16 Archive.org
  • "The Supreme Test. The Motor Cycle makes good in the Balkans" page 116B February 3rd, 1916.
  • "Despatch Riding including Salonika" page [1]74 February 24th 1916.
  • "With the Salonika Forces" page 214 March 2nd 1916.
• The Story of the Salonica Army by G Ward Price, the official Correspondent of the Allied Forces in the Balkans 1918. New York edition, published by Edward J Clode Archive.org
• In Salonica With Our Army by Harold Lake [1917]. Archive.org. Also published as Campaigning in the Balkans by Lieutenant Harold Lake, New York 1918. Archive.org. The author was with the British Army, an officer in what appears to be an infantry regiment. It is stated elsewhere he was with the Durham Light Infantry.
• Regimental histories and accounts
  • The Royal Fusiliers in the Great War by H C O'Neill 1922 Archive.org. Includes "Chapter XIV Salonika" from page 261, in addition to the Western Front, Gallipoli, and East Africa.
  • A History of the Black Watch (Royal Highlanders) in the Great War 1914-1918 (in three Volumes) Edited by Major General A G Wauchope 1926. Vol III includes 10th Battalion in Salonika. Volume III transcribed edition Contents lib.militaryarchive.co.uk. A transcription by OCR, so subject to inaccuracies. Volume III, Google Books Public Domain in USA c 2022.

  Page 126, Archibald Don, a Memoir 1918. Archive.org. Archibald Don was a medical student who was commissioned as an officer of the 10th Battalion, Black Watch, which was sent to Salonika in November 1915. He died of malignant malaria September 1916.

  • The Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers in the World War by Sir Frank Fox. [With plates and maps] 1928. British Library Digital. Includes a chapter on Salonika.
  • Regimental Records of the Royal Welch Fusiliers (23rd Foot). Volume IV 1915-1918 Turkey-Bulgaria-Austria by Major C H Dudley Ward 1929 Archive.org.
  • The History of the Duke of Cornwall’s Light Infantry 1914-1919 by Everard Wyrall 1932. Transcription by OCR, so subject to errors. lib.militaryarchive.co.uk. Snippet view, Searchable Google Books. Also Searchable at HathiTrust Digital Library. Includes Salonika. (Previously 32nd Reg.)
  • The Fifth in the Great War - A History of the 1st & 2nd Northumberland Fusiliers, 1914-1918 by Brigadier H. R. Sandilands 1938. "Chapter XVI. Second Battalion-25th October, 1915-26th June, 1918. "Macedonia, 1915-1918"-" Struma."" A transcription by OCR, so subject to inaccuracies. lib.militaryarchive.co.uk
  • The History of the South Wales Borderers 1914 -1918 by C.T.Atkinson, originally published 1931 is available in a reprint edition, which is in turn available as an online book on the Ancestry owned pay website fold3 as The History of the South Wales Borderers located in Military Books-located by the Search/Britain/Scroll to letter T. 7th and 8th Battalions, both in 22nd Division, after only a month in France went with the division to Macedonia in November 1915 where they saw out the rest of the war.
  • The History of the Prince of Wales' Civil Service Rifles by several authors, including some named 1921. Gutenberg.org. The 2nd Battalion was part of the 179th Brigade , 60th Division in Salonika (from December 1916) and Palestine. 60th (2nd/2nd London) Division (longlongtrail.co.uk)
  • "In Macedonia: The End of Bulgaria" by N C Powell page 304 True World War I stories: sixty personal narratives of the war, catalogued 2001. Originally published as Everyman at War 1930. Archive.org Books to Borrow/Lending Library. Transcription firstworldwar.com

  Private Powell arrived Salonika January 1918, served with the 9th East Lancs.Regt. on Doiran sectors until February 1919.

• Glimpses of the Great War: Letters of a Subaltern from Three Fronts Edited by his wife. 1919. The letters of George Herbert Whyte [London Irish Rifles]. He joined a volunteer hospital unit in France, in 1914, and became a Second Lieutenant in the London Irish Rifles in 1916. He was in France, Macedonia and Malta (from December 1916, page 63), Egypt and Palestine, where he died. He was a well known Theosophist. Digital Collection, Württembergischen Landesbibliothek, Stuttgart, with the library website in German. Read online or download, the latter is "Ganzes Werk herunterladen".
• "The Balkans" Chapter III, page 50 The Romance of the Last Crusade : with Allenby to Jerusalem by Major Vivian Gilbert 1923. Archive.org. Gilbert was in the Machine Guns Corps (Infantry), in the 180th Brigade, 60th (2nd/2nd London) Division (longlongtrail.co.uk) which was in Salonica for 5 months from late December 1916, until they left to join Allenby in Palestine.
• On Four Fronts with the Royal Naval Division by Geoffrey Sparrow MC, and J N MacBean Ross MC Surgeons RN 1918 Archive.org. Includes Gallipoli and Salonica
• "The Royal Marines in Serbia" Chapter 30, page 409 Britain's Sea Soldiers. A Record of the Royal Marines during the War 1914-1919. Compiled by General Sir H. E. Blumberg, Royal Marines 1927. Hathi Trust Digital Library.

Other chapters in this book contain information about troops who garrisoned Aegean islands Chapter 22 page 259 and Chapter 35 page 430

• "Obstruction’s Gentle Art" by Douglas Walshe pages 433-449 Blackwood’s Magazine Volume 205, January-June 1919. Archive.org The start of the Salonika Campaign from 30 September 1915.

Walshe was also the author of With the Serbs in Macedonia, see further above. He was an officer with 708 Company M T, ASC, a Light Supply and Ammunition Column of Ford vans attached to the Serbian Army.

• "Our Serbian Expedition. A Sideshow of the War" page 101 The Boy with the Guns by the late Lieut. George W Taylor, Royal Field Artillery, 1919. Archive.org. A book in the On Active Service series. He was with the 10th Division, October 1915 to c February 1916, when he arrived back in England.
• "Coming Out of the Line-A Night March with the Guns" by Captain Robert K M Simpson, Royal Field Artillery. Breadalbane Academy School Magazines of 1919 & 1920. See transcription.
• Salonica pages 94-121 The Grey Wave by Major A. Hamilton Gibbs 1920. American title: Gun Fodder; the diary of four years of war 1919. Both Archive.org. He was an officer, Royal Field Artillery, 67 Artillery Brigade, part of 10 Division, arriving in 1915. A. Hamilton Gibbs (Wikipedia), novelist.
• "The End of a Long Pause" by H R W page 491 Blackwood’s Magazine Volume 201 January-June 1917. Archive.org.
• The Song of Tiadatha by Captain Owen Rutter (‘Klip-Klip’), first published 1919. The author was with the 7th Battalion, Wiltshire Regiment and edited the Balkan News. He formerly was in the North Borneo Civil Service. Archive.org
• Salonica and After, the Sideshow that ended the War by H. Collinson Owen, Editor of the Balkan News, and Official correspondent in the Near East 1919 Archive.org
• The Salonika Front by Arthur James Mann, late Recording Officer 22 Balloon Company; paintings by William Thomas Wood. 1920. File 2 both Archive.org. The images in the two digital files vary in colour. The image "Dorian Town and Lake", between pages 42-43, is the header image used by the Salonika Campaign Society and was painted by Wood in 1917 whilst an acting corporal in a balloon company (RFC), although he later became an official war artist.
• Serbia and Europe, 1914-1920 by Dr Lazare Marcovitch (Lazar Markovic) 1920 Archive.org
• A Subaltern in Serbia and some Letters from the Struma Valley by Captain A Donovan Young, Captain, Indian Army. Catalogued 1922. Archive.org
• The Macedonian Campaign by Luigi Villari 1922 Archive.org
• Seas of Adventures: the Story of the Naval Operations in the Mediterranean, Adriatic, and Aegean [1914-1918] by E. Keble Chatterton, [late Lieutenant-Commander RNVR] 1936 Hathi Trust Digital Library. Also see Gallipoli.
• Hard Lying Archive.org. Full title “Hard Lying”: Eastern Mediterranean, 1914-1919 by Captain L B Weldon 1925. The author was a British Army Intelligence Officer , initially OC of a British Ship (HMS Anne previously Aenne Rickmers) carrying a French, later British seaplane squadron used for reconnaissance flights. Although the most of the book is about other regions, there seem to the occasional visits to Greek islands, e.g. Rhodes and Castellorizo, the latter then under French control.
• Go Spy The Land: Being the Adventures of I.K.8 of the British Secret Service by George A. Hill 1932. Chapters 4-9 cover his time in Salonika, working for Intelligence, and later for the RFC, where he dropped spies over enemy lines. gwpda.org
• Tales of Aegean Intrigue by J C Lawson 1921 Archive.org. The author was a Naval Intelligence Officer on Crete (Temporary Lieutenant, Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve)
• First Athenian Memories by Compton Mackenzie 1931. scribd.com. Scroll past some pages in Greek. This digital file consists of the first 193 pages of the book, which are then repeated, followed by the remainder of the book (total 402 pages). For those with suitable University access, also available HathiTrust

Greek Memories by Compton Mackenzie 1939. Archive.org version, mirror from Digital Library of India. Also available to read online on scribd.com. This is the second edition published in 1939, with some content from the original 1932 edition deleted, due to the author's prosecution under the Official Secrets Act.

These two volumes are the 2nd and 3rd of a series of memoirs of the World War: v.1. Gallipoli Memories, (see Gallipoli); v.4. Aegean Memories. For those with suitable University access, available HathiTrust (Review) The author served with British Intelligence in the Eastern Mediterranean during the First World War. Compton Mackenzie Wikipedia.

• The Allied Secret Service in Greece by Sir Basil Thomson, Director of Intelligence 1919-1921. 2nd impression 1931 Hathi Trust Digital Library. Compton Makenzie, in Greek Memories, states that Thomson’s title was a civil post connected with the Police which suggested a more intimate knowledge of Greek affairs than he possessed, and refers to “the untrustworthiness of his narrative”.
• KV 1/17 Imperial Overseas Intelligence 1915-1919: Eastern Mediterranean Special Intelligence Bureau. Link to a free record download from the National Archives, Kew. KV 1/16-19 Includes KV 1/18 Cyprus and KV 1/19 Summary which may also contain related material.
• Greece and the Allies, 1914-1922 by G. F. Abbott [George Frederick] 1922 Archive.org
• Reports of the American Red Cross Commissions upon their activities in Macedonia, Thrace, Bulgaria, the Ægean Islands and Greece 1919 Archive.org

The American Red Cross Commission to Greece: Final report, Department of civilian relief, exclusive of the districts of the Aegean Islands and eastern Macedonia 1919

The American Red Cross Commission to Greece:Relief work in eastern Macedonia 1919

• Serbia To Kut by Joseph T Parfit 1917. Archive.org version, mirror from Digital Library of India. Full title: Serbia to Kut: an account of the War in the Bible Lands [Balkans, Egypt, Palestine, Syria and Mesopotamia]. An overview of the conflict. The author, then or subsequently, was Canon of St George’s Jerusalem.
• Les Archives de la Grande Guerre [et de l'histoire contemporaine] French language. In 17 volumes, which have been digitised on Gallica, Bibliothèque nationale de France in 13 digital files. Volume 17, the final volume, contains a Contents section which appears to cover all 17 Volumes, click on the icon for Table des matières. Then scroll down to "Front d'Orient" for a number of accounts and articles on the Balkans and the Dardanelles, where you can click through to the relevant articles (which may be in volumes other than Volume 17). For more details of this publication, see Western Front.
• Vocabularies: English, German, Magyar, Serbian, Bulgarian, Roumanian, Greek, Turkish Compiled by the Geographical Section of the Naval Intelligence Division, Naval Staff, Admiralty. HMSO. 1920 Archive.org
• Fiction
  • The Deserter by Richard Harding Davis 1917 Archive.org. A short story, stated in the Introduction to be based on fact. Richard Harding Davis Wikipedia.
  • The Leonora Trilogy by Hilary Green. Romantic novels. Archive.org Books to Borrow/ Lending Library.
    • Daughters of War Book One. 2011
    • Passions of War Book Two. 2011. 2nd digital file Large print edition 2013.
    • Harvest of War Book Three. 2012.