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Singapore formed part of the [[Straits Settlements]], together with [[Penang]] (Prince of Wales Island) and [[Malacca]].
Singapore formed part of the [[Straits Settlements]], together with [[Penang]] (Prince of Wales Island) and [[Malacca]].
==FIBIS resources==
*[http://fibis.ourarchives.online/bin/aps_browse_sources.php?mode=browse_dataset&id=2211&s_id=1132 Fort Canning Cemetery, Singapore] FIBIS database  images. FIBIS article [https://www.fibis.org/fort-canning-cemetery-singapore/ Fort Canning Cemetery, Singapore] by Peter Bailey 23/05/2017.


==Records==
==Records==
*Ecclesiastical Returns: Baptisms, Marriages and Burials at the [[British Library]]. Prince of Wales Island [Penang], Malacca and Singapore 1799-1829 in '''IOR N/8'''.
*Ecclesiastical Returns: Baptisms, Marriages and Burials at the [[British Library]]. Prince of Wales Island [Penang], Malacca and Singapore 1799-1829 in '''IOR N/8'''. '''These records  are  included in the digitised records now available on the commercial site [[Findmypast|findmypast]]'''


:The [[LDS]] film number for these records is 498606, item 2. LDS batch number for baptisms 1828-1829 C310051.  Data for the baptisms 1828-1829 has been transcribed on the LDS website [https://www.familysearch.org Family Search]. Enter batch number  C310051, and baptismal records for Singapore on film 498606 will be shown. It is not known whether the data is a complete transcription or not. These records are in the World category (All Records Collections) in a group of records called World Miscellaneous.  
:The FamilySearch ([[LDS]]) film number for these records is 498606, item 2. LDS batch number for baptisms 1828-1829 C310051.  Data for the baptisms 1828-1829 has been transcribed on the LDS website [https://www.familysearch.org Family Search]. Enter batch number  C310051, and baptismal records for Singapore on film 498606 will be shown. It is not known whether the data is a complete transcription or not. These records are in the World category (All Records Collections) in a group of records called World Miscellaneous.  


:Returns are continued in the Bengal returns 1830-1868, '''N/1'''. For Malacca marriages 1820-1824, see also '''IOR: R/9/39/3'''.
:Returns are continued in the Bengal returns 1830-1868, '''N/1'''. For Malacca marriages 1820-1824, see also '''IOR: R/9/39/3'''.


*This [[LDS]] [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=localitydetails&subject=167551&subject_disp=Singapore%2C+Singapore&columns=*,0,0 catalogue entry] gives details of the church and cemetery records available for Singapore.
*The National Archives of Singapore has in its collection, viewable in Singapore, microfilms of registers of baptisms, marriages and burials from various churches, mainly in Singapore. In  the [https://www.nas.gov.sg/archivesonline/private_records/advanced-search Advanced Search] , under source, look at the various churches listed, and check what records are available. Includes Roman Catholic churches. For Anglican church records the sources as listed include "Church of England, Diocese of Singapore"  and  "St Andrew's Cathedral (Organisation : Singapore)". The former category also includes some records from Bangkok and Java, as churches in these regions were (and still appear to be) part of the Anglican Diocese of Singapore.
:Subsets of these records are available as digitised microfilms available on [[FamilySearch]], viewable at [[FamilySearch Centres]] and FamilySearch Affiliate Libraries. Catalogue entries include the Anglican [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/333150 Parish registers, 1820-1972 St. Andrew's Church (Singapore)] and [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/333355 Parish registers, 1870-1973 Church of St. Peter and Paul].
*For other records available on FamilySearch ([[LDS]]), this [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/results?count=20&query=%2Bkeywords%3ASingapore%20%2Bavailability%3AOnline&page=1&language0=English  catalogue entry] based on keyword Singapore, and English language and online filter,  includes details of digitised microfilm church and cemetery records available for Singapore.  See [[FamilySearch Centres]] for viewing details.
* The book ''Fort Canning Cemetery, Singapore'' by A.G. Harfield 1978 is available at the British Library BLL01008881762 . This book has an association with, although was not published by [[BACSA]], but it is not clear whether the content is included in the following 1988 book, (although it seems likely it has) or  is separate, or whether it is included in the BACSA database, see following item.
*[[BACSA]] has published the book ''Early Cemeteries in Singapore'' by Alan Harfield 1988 (revised edn) "Comprehensive record of all main cemeteries. 400pp, over 150 illustrations, maps and plans". For more details about the books currently available, and also those out of print, see [[British Association for Cemeteries in South Asia#See also|BACSA - See also]]. This book is included in the [http://bacsa.frontis.co/bin/index.php BACSA Search database] which is free to search. If you want a copy of the full record, a fee applies.
**FamilySearch have digitised the above BACSA book which however is currently (2019/10) not viewable online.


*[[BACSA]] has published the book ''Singapore: Early Cemeteries'' by Alan Harfield 1988 (revised edn) "Comprehensive record of all main cemeteries. 400pp, over 150 illustrations, maps and plans". See [http://indian-cemeteries.org/bacsa/html/bacsa_books.html BACSA Books]. This book is included in the [http://bacsa.frontisgroup.com/bin/index.php BACSA Search database] which is free to search. If you want a copy of the full record, a fee applies.
*''British & Indian Armies in the East Indies (1685-1935)'' by Alan Harfield 1984 is available at the [[British Library]], UIN: BLL01012672115.  History of British and Indian Armies in Sumatra, Java, Sarawak, Malaya and Singapore from 1685-1935. Includes names of officers and men buried in these areas. Also includes name lists of persons in some military units which served in these areas.
**FamilySearch have digitised this book which however is currently (2019/10) not viewable online.
 
*Birth, marriage and death notices were published in Singapore newspapers. See following section for online newspapers.
 
*See below External links, Institutions for Singapore Government records of births and deaths.
 
*See [[General Register Office]], UK for UK "overseas" records.
*See [[Malacca]] and  [[Dutch]] for records for researching those with Dutch ancestry.


==Newspapers==
==Newspapers==
*[http://newspapers.nl.sg/default.aspx Singapore Straits Times 1845-1982 (search)] Full articles may now be viewed. (Previously searches could provide results to be explored on microfilm where available, such as at BL Colindale, and Monash University Library, Victoria, Australia ([http://library.monash.edu.au/vwebv/holdingsInfo?searchId=9845&recCount=20&recPointer=28&bibId=101962 catalogue entry]).
*[http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/ NewspaperSG] Digitised newspapers from the National Library Board, Singapore.


==External Links==
:To see the coverage , click on Browse Newspapers/Newspaper titles, then select the title from the drop down menu. Clicking on the title name will take you to an information page, where you can see the date coverage, and if require, select a specific issue.  It appears there is some coverage from 1827 (''Singapore Chronicle And The Commercial Register''), or perhaps even earlier.
* ''The London and China Express'', published in London, with target readership  those outside the Indian Empire, including the Straits Settlements,  is available on [[Findmypast]], category  "Newspapers & periodicals"/"British newspapers", with the same contents also available on the British Newspaper Archive, both pay websites. The date range is from November 25, 1858 to July 2, 1931. For more details see [[Newspapers and journals online#London and China Express|Newspapers and journals online]].
 
==Recommended reading==
*''Raffles and the Golden Opportunity'' by Victoria Glendinning, published 2012.
:This book has been reviewed by Beverly Hallam in  ''[[FIBIS Journal]] Number 30 (Autumn 2013)'' page 43
 
==Also see==
*For 1915 Singapore Mutiny, see [[5th Regiment of Bengal (Light) Infantry|5th Light Infantry]], Indian Army
*[[Second World War]]
 
==External links==
===Encylopedia entries===
===Encylopedia entries===
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore Singapore] Wikipedia
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore Singapore] Wikipedia
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===Institutions===
===Institutions===
*[http://www.ica.gov.sg/services_centre_overview.aspx?pageid=246 ICA (The Immigration & Checkpoints Authority, Singapore Government)] maintains birth and death records which were registered in Singapore since 1872. [https://www.psi.gov.sg/NASApp/tmf/TMFServlet?app=ICA-RBD-eXtracts-pub&isNew=true&Reload=trueOnline Birth and Death Extracts Application System (eXtracts Online)]
*[http://www.ica.gov.sg/services_centre_overview.aspx?pageid=246 ICA (The Immigration & Checkpoints Authority, Singapore Government)] maintains birth and death records which were registered in Singapore since 1872. [https://extracts.ica.gov.sg/extracts/index.xhtml  Online Birth and Death Extracts Application System (eXtracts Online)]
*The [http://WWW.nl.sg National Library of Singapore] - items in the section [http://www.nl.sg/NLWEB.portal?_nfpb=true&_nfls=false&_pageLabel=NL_OCHandler&collectionCode=SingaporePages Singapore Pages] include:
*National Library Board, Singapore:
:*[http://mms.elibraryhub.com/SHC/SSH%20Collection/Tracing%20Roots.pdf "Tracing Roots"] pdf brochure
**[http://www.nlb.gov.sg/About/LeeKongChianReferenceLibrary.aspx Lee Kong Chian Reference Library]
:*[http://www.nl.sg/NLWEB.portal?_cn_nodePath=NL%2FOtherCollections%2FLKCRL%2FSingaporePages&_nfpb=true&_cn_bookLevel=1&_cn_bookTitle1=LKCRL+Collections&_pageLabel=NL_CMSPage4&collectionCode=SingaporePages&_cn_pageTitle=Singapore Singapore Collection of the Lee Kong Chian Reference Library]. This India List [http://archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com/th/read/INDIA/2009-11/1258535163 post] mentions microfilms of directories at the Library.
***Tracing Roots: Resource Guide  to the Lee Kong Chian Reference Library (LKCRL),  ( a pdf brochure, now no longer available), advised resources includes Directories on microfilm, for years additional to those available in digital editions.
:* Books [http://sgebooks.nl.sg available to download] including:
***Also see [[Singapore#Other|External links- Other, below]]
::*[http://sgebooks.nl.sg/googlecse.aspx?q=Directories&start=0&cx=006597985428264677513%3Awzo_av3kkyw&cof=FORID%3A11#914 Directories for The Straits and/or Singapore] for the years 1853-1857, 1859-1863, 1867-1871, 1875, 1877, 1879, 1881. The majority of these books are in the category 'Commerce and Industry', but the volume for 1867-1869 is in the category Events. There is also an 1821 Directory for Prince of Wales Island (Penang) in the category Organisations.
**[http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/printheritage/index.htm BookSG]  "A digital collection of Singapore and Southeast Asia's print heritage". Includes Directories, refer below. The majority of the Directories are in the category 'Commerce and Industry', but the volume for 1867-1869 is in the category Events. There is also an 1821 Directory for Prince of Wales Island (Penang) in the category Organisations.
::*[http://sgebooks.nl.sg/details/03_10055c4.html  The stranger's guide to Singapore with maps] 1890
***[http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/printheritage/browse/Rare_Maps_Collection.aspx Rare Maps Collection]  A digital collection of Singapore and Southeast Asia's print heritage from BookSG
*[http://www.nhb.gov.sg/NAS/index.htm National Archives of Singapore], includes [http://www.a2o.com.sg/a2o/public/html Access to Archives Online]. This India List [http://archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com/th/read/INDIA/2009-11/1258523648 post] details some of the information available at the National Archives.
** Newspapers. Refer above.
*[http://www.nhb.gov.sg/WWW National Heritage Board] including the [http://www.nationalmuseum.sg/nms/nms_html/index.asp National Museum of Singapore]
*[https://www.nas.gov.sg/archivesonline/ National Archives of Singapore], includes [https://www.nas.gov.sg/archivesonline/private_records/ Search] for  Straits Settlements Records (SSR), Overseas Records and Private Records.
*[https://www.nhb.gov.sg National Heritage Board] including the [https://www.nhb.gov.sg/nationalmuseum/ National Museum of Singapore]
 
===Other===
*[http://remembersingapore.org Remember Singapore] remembersingapore.org
*[http://dissertationreviews.org/national-library-singapore/ National Library of Singapore] by P.J. Thum, National University of Singapore. No longer dated, but previously dated April 17, 2013 dissertationreviews.org
*[https://biblioasia.nlb.gov.sg/vol-8/issue-3/oct-dec-2012/family-history-national-library/ "In the Family: Family History Resources in the National Library"] by Bonnie Tan ''Biblio Asia''  Volume 8 October-December 2012, a publication of  the National Library of Singapore.
*[https://www.familysearch.org/en/wiki/National_Library_of_Singapore National Library of Singapore] FamilySearch Wiki
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurasians_in_Singapore  Eurasians in Singapore] Wikipedia
*Rootsweb Singapore Mailing List.  The List was discontinued from 2 March 2020, but the Archives  remain Searchable, although not browsable.  For details refer [[Mailing lists]].  
:[https://www.ancestry.co.uk/boards/ Search all Ancestry Message Boards].
*Churches
**[https://www.flickr.com/photos/eustaquio/3615650911 St Andrew's Cathedral, Singapore]  Church of England. flickr.com. [http://www.victorianweb.org/art/architecture/churches/28h.html St. Andrews Cathedral] victorianweb.org.
**[http://www.victorianweb.org/art/architecture/churches/30.html Cathedral of the Good Shepherd] Roman Catholic. victorianweb.org               
**[http://www.victorianweb.org/art/architecture/churches/27.html Church of Sts. Peter and Paul] Roman Catholic. victorianweb.org
**[http://www.victorianweb.org/art/architecture/churches/29.html Chapel, Former Convent of the Holy Infant Jesus Singapore] Roman Catholic.  victorianweb.org
**[http://www.victorianweb.org/art/architecture/churches/31.html Church of Saint Gregory the Illuminator (The Armenian Church)] victorianweb.org
*Anglican [Church of England] [https://www.anglican.org.sg    Diocese of Singapore]
*British Army regiments in Singapore, Straits Settlements and Penang are included in the following which is mainly about British Army Regiments in India. Note, may not be complete.[https://web.archive.org/web/20190330085422fw_/http://isp.ans.com.au/~rampais/genelogy/india/indexes/kitz1.htm Indian portion of ''In Search of the 'Forlorn Hope': A Comprehensive Guide to Locating British Regiments and their Records (1640-WWI)'' by John M Kitzmiller] - lists the location/year of all British regiments that served in India and related regions. ([https://web.archive.org/web/20200507070713/http://isp.ans.com.au/~rampais/genelogy/india/indexes/kitz.htm Regiments], [https://web.archive.org/web/20190330085628/http://isp.ans.com.au/~rampais/genelogy/india/indexes/kitz2.htm Locations]) . From Bob Holland’s Rampais website, archived. Kitzmillers's two volume book is available at the British Library UIN: BLL01010128905
*[https://www.jstor.org/stable/44230310 "Singapore Military Defences in the 19th Century"] by A. G. Harfield ''Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research'' Vol. 54, No. 218 (Summer 1976), pp. 96-105 (14 pages). jstor.org. Register with jstor.org and read for free, or perhaps you may be able to log in to jstor.org through your library card.
*Peter Stubbs’ [http://www.fortsiloso.com/index.htm Fort Siloso] including [http://www.fortsiloso.com/home/home.htm A Soldier’s Home  [in the 1880s<nowiki>]</nowiki>]
*[http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/history/events/039e3be1-1a10-49cc-8721-e68048399b83 Singapore Volunteer Rifle Corps is set up 8th Jul 1854]. If link is not permanent, access from [http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/history History SG], and select Organisations. Refers to ''A History of the Singapore Volunteer Corps, 1854-1937 : being also an historical outline of volunteering in Malaya''  by T.M. Winsley 1938.  Available online in a Limited Preview, and also in a reprint edition, which in turn is available  online on the pay website fold3, refer below.
:[https://www.mindef.gov.sg/oms/safti/one-of-kind-2nd-ed2015/chp/021_brief-history-volunteer.pdf "A Brief History of the Volunteer Forces in Singapore"], Appendix I from a larger publication, probably ''One of a Kind Remembering SAFTI's First Batch''. mindef.gov.sg. Ministry of Defence.  Stated to be largely based on information from Captain T. M. Winsley’s ''A History of The Singapore Volunteer Corps 1854 – 1937''.  
:[https://www.cofepow.org.uk/armed-forces-stories-list/the-malayan-volunteer-forces The Malayan Volunteer Forces] by Rosemary Fell. cofepow.org.uk
:[http://sgvolunteerscorps.blogspot.com/2013/03/0-false-18-pt-18-pt-0-0-false-false.html Singapore And Malaya Volunteer Corps Medals] 10 March 2013 from “Singapore Volunteer Corps, Straits Settlements Volunteer Force, Malaya Volunteer Forces”
:[http://www.malayanvolunteersgroup.org.uk/node/1  Malayan Volunteers Group] Includes categories such as History, Stories, Malayan Volunteer Air Force, Evacuees, Armoured Cars, Sumatra etc.
*[https://amazingwalks.wordpress.com/2016/10/16/singapore-1915-sepoy-mutiny-and-alexandra-barracks/ "Singapore 1915 Sepoy Mutiny and Alexandra Barracks"] October 16, 2016. ''amazingwalks''
*[https://remembersingapore.org/2013/08/10/history-of-sg-police-force/ "Mata.Mata: History of The Singapore Police"] August 10, 2013 and updated 14 January 2018. remembersingapore.org
*[http://www.postcolonialweb.org/singapore/resources/sgmemoirs.html  Bibliography of Memoirs and Personal Reminiscences of Colonial Singapore and Malaysia] postcolonialweb.org
:[http://www.nlb.gov.sg/resourceguides/primary-accounts-of-singapore-from-1800s-to-1942/ [Bibliography<nowiki>]</nowiki>: Primary Accounts of Singapore from 1800s to 1942] nlb.gov.sg
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20150928085840/http://www.dutchmalaysia.net/lang_en/ Official website of the Malaysian Dutch Descendants Project], now archived, includes [https://web.archive.org/web/20150119021413/http://www.dutchmalaysia.net:80/lang_en/press/paper_20080527_history_of_the_dutch_and_dutch_eurasians_in_malaysia.html  History of the Dutch and Dutch-Eurasians in Malaysia], now archived. A history has been published.<ref>[http://www.nutmegpublishing.com/hotdim.html ''History of the Dutch in Malaysia'' by Dennis De Witt]. Available at the British Library UIN: BLL01015564894 </ref> Many Dutch Eurasians moved from Malacca to Singapore from the middle of the nineteenth century.  
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20120801111244/http://www.indulgedtraveler.com/destinations/destinations-asia/remnants-of-jews-in-singapore/ Remnants of Jews in Singapore] by Barbara Kingstone  January 17, 2011 indulgedtraveler.com, now an archived webpage.
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20200806002922/https://www.bh.org.il/jewish-community-singapore/ The Jewish Community of Singapore] bh.org.il, now an archived page.
*[https://www.roots.gov.sg/places/places-landing/trails/sepoy-lines-trail Sepoy Lines Trail] roots.gov.sg
*[https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/252501733 "Cheery Golf Course"] trove.nla.gov.au Article from  Wiluna Chronicle and East Murchison Advocate (WA, Australia)  Sat 31 Aug 1929 Page 2, about the Sepoy Lines Club in Singapore and the unusually named greens.
:Article about [http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=9502E0D61630E132A2575BC0A9679C94689ED7CF golf courses from the New York Times, dated January 8, 1899]. Includes a description of the Sepoy golf links at Singapore with its uniquely named greens. Now only available to New York Times subscribers.
*[http://mothership.sg/2017/07/amazing-drone-footage-of-kranji-war-memorial-gives-a-stunning-view-of-the-place/ "Amazing drone footage of Kranji War Memorial gives a stunning view of the place"] by Tanya Ong July 13, 2017.  mothership.sg. Refers to a YouTube video [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V9RPj_y7Ts4 Kranji War Memorial]
*[http://ro.uow.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1570&context=lhapapers ''Food Culture in Colonial Asia: A Taste of Empire''] by  Cecilia Y. Leong-Salobir, University of Wollongong  2011. Mainly in respect of India, but also includes [[Malaysia]] and Singapore.
:[http://ro.uow.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2971&context=lhapapers "Spreading the word: using cookbooks and colonial memoirs to examine the foodways of British Colonials in Asia, 1850-1900"] by Cecilia Y. Leong-Salobir, University of Wollongong. From ''The Routledge History of Food'' 2015 (pp. 131-155)
 
===Maps===
*[http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/maps/asia/13662537.html Singapore (Dockyard area) (1944)] British Library Online Gallery, Click on icon to enlarge.
 
===Historical photographs online===
*Royal Commonwealth Society Library. University of Cambridge Digital Library.
**[http://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/PH-BAM-00001/1 A series of 160 images of Singapore from circa 1880s to circa 1940s], originally from a collection of The British Association of Malaysia and Singapore, now in the Royal Commonwealth Society Library.
***Includes  two images of  St Andrew’s Cathedral, Singapore: [http://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/PH-BAM-00001/3  A] and [http://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/PH-BAM-00001/158 B]
**[http://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/PH-Y-30311-B/1 Lillian Newton photograph collection of Singapore circa 1894-circa 1925]  


===Historical books online===
===Historical books online===
* Also see [[Malaysia]]
*Also see [[Second World War]]
*[https://archive.org/details/bibliographyofma0000chee/page/n5  ''Bibliography of Malaya, being a classified list of books wholly or partly in English relating to the Federation of Malaya and Singapore''] by  H R Cheeseman 1959. Archive.org Lending Library. Includes a WW2 Bibliography.
**[http://www.lib.nus.edu.sg/bib/sh/sing1941b.html Bibliography: Singapore, 1941-1945: The Military Campaign] lib.nus.edu.sg.
:[https://archive.org/details/dli.ministry.28139/page/n1/mode/2up''Books about Singapore, 1972''] by  National Library of Singapore 1972 Archive.org
*Directories from BookSG
**[http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/printheritage/detail/d3fcc6e6-ba76-47a2-b7cf-613b34867aa1.aspx Prince of Wales Island: ''Annual register and directory'' 1821]
**''The Singapore almanack and directory'' [http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/printheritage/detail/f9e19365-b3a2-4149-b392-b3c274a4111c.aspx?s=The%20Singapore%20almanack 1853-1855, 1857, Royal Almanac 1859-1860], [http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/printheritage/detail/1b90a11d-7620-4e72-b834-3de9525ac1d1.aspx?s=The%20Singapore%20almanack 1856]
**''The Straits calendar and directory'' [http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/printheritage/detail/59831a29-0622-4089-a120-ae79edb68ec6.aspx 1861-1863], [http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/printheritage/detail/5b9519ae-1aad-4cc8-891f-74407ed44f02.aspx  Royal Almanac 1864; 1865-1866], [http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/printheritage/detail/64f199dd-6462-43a0-93fc-f2aea8cb1238.aspx 1867-1869], [http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/printheritage/detail/902071bb-507b-4bca-a2b6-683f10a02323.aspx 1870-1871]
**[https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/printheritage/detail/19f6775f-8e17-4473-8e9f-0a8ae66b10e1.aspx ''The colonial directory of the Straits Settlements, including Sarawak, Labuan, Bangkok and Saigon, for 1875'']
**''The Singapore directory for the Straits Settlements'' [http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/printheritage/detail/e437c4de-cff6-4601-8994-40fd5c007fa0.aspx 1877], [http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/printheritage/detail/9879b97a-f840-4443-9452-3cbd165b388b.aspx 1879]
**[http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/printheritage/detail/6e76cb75-dfe3-4203-a211-76305cafde9d.aspx  ''The Singapore and Straits directory for 1881'']
*''The Singapore almanack and directory for the year 1856'' is available to download as a pdf from the [http://www.sabrizain.org/malaya/library/index.htm [Digital<nowiki>]</nowiki>  Sejarah Melayu Library], located in the General section. Scroll down to T, and scroll further to The S…
*''The Directory & Chronicle for China, Japan, Corea, Indo-China, '''Straits Settlements''', Malay States, Siam, Netherlands India, Borneo, the Philippines, &c''. For a range of editions to 1941, see [[China]].
*''The London and China Telegraph''. Published weekly in London. Covers [[China]], [[Hong Kong]], Japan, [[Straits Settlements]] (Singapore, [[Penang]]), [[Indonesia|Batavia]] and perhaps a wider area. For editions 1860-1875 (missing 1862), see [[China]].
*[https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28Singapore%29+AND+title%3A%28%22Blue+Book%22%29&sort=titleSorter  ''Straits Settlements Blue Book for the year…'']  broken range from 1873 to 1938, including  years not specifically mentioned 1907, 1908, 1910. Archive.org.  Very informative publications.
:For 1873, [https://archive.org/details/dli.granth.73418/page/n3/mode/2up Contents]; [https://archive.org/details/dli.granth.73418/page/176/mode/2up Civil Establishments , commencing with an Index] page 177, [https://archive.org/details/dli.granth.73418/page/186/mode/2up Singapore] page 187, [https://archive.org/details/dli.granth.73418/page/176/mode/2up Penang] page 209, [https://archive.org/details/dli.granth.73418/page/222/mode/2up Malacca] page 223.
:''Straits Settlements Blue Book'' for [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=739oaoEThTcC&pg=PP7 1896],  [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=zMxEAQAAMAAJ&pg=PP7 1912], [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=VTIlAQAAMAAJ&pg=PP9 1915], [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=Cp5DAQAAIAAJ&pg=PP9 1917], [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=JkLM6an5C7QC&pg=PP7 1919], [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=yKBDAQAAIAAJ&pg=PP7 1920], [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=yp9DAQAAIAAJ&pg=PP7 1921], [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=X6BDAQAAIAAJ&pg=PP7 1922], [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=cHJDAQAAIAAJ&pg=PP7 1924], [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=HHNDAQAAIAAJ&pg=PP7 1925], [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=23NDAQAAIAAJ&pg=PP1 1926], [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=15dDAQAAIAAJ&pg=PP7 1929], [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=bZVDAQAAIAAJ&pg=PP7 1930], [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=fp1DAQAAIAAJ&pg=PP9 1931], [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=MpZDAQAAIAAJ&pg=PP25 1932], [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=iZxDAQAAIAAJ&pg=PP9 1933], [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=oZtDAQAAIAAJ&pg=PP9 1934], [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=Al1EAQAAIAAJ&pg=PP9 1935], [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=rltEAQAAIAAJ&pg=PP9 1936], [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=MFxEAQAAIAAJ&pg=PP5 1937], [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=Q11EAQAAIAAJ&pg=PP5 1938] Google Books. Mirror versions of these editions are available in the previously mentioned Archive.org link.
:National Archives of Singapore has  many editions catalogued as ''Straits Settlements Blue Books''. In  the [https://www.nas.gov.sg/archivesonline/private_records/advanced-search Advanced Search] for the title use search term  Blue Books. All editions 1870-1938 appear to be available to read online (but download does '''not''' appear possible) and  additionally there is  [https://www.nas.gov.sg/archivesonline/private_records/record-details/38a7dde8-f14a-11e3-a330-0050568939ad ''Colony of Singapore Blue Book 1946'']. Unfortunately the book reader is not easy to use. To increase size of font use your mouse wheel , and then an adjustment bar appears. To navigate to a particular page, use the thumbnails. The catalogue includes editions from 1867, but editions prior to 1870 do not appear to have been digitised. There is a Search option within each text, and the Search link previously mentioned also seems able to be used to search the texts of the entire collection using keywords.
:''Straits Settlements Blue Book'' are available on "Sea-Delt SouthEast Asian DEvelopment in the Long Term", however  all years available appear to be  also available on other sites. Example [https://seadelt.net/Documents/?ID=332 1932]  Pdf. (Also 1888, 1904, 1907, 1908, 1910 which are also available on Archive.org, and 1922 available Google Books).
:Other editions of the ''Blue Books of Statistics'' are available at the National Archives, Kew record series [http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/browse/r/r/C4468 CO 277] 1867-1939, part of "Records of Local Bodies and Other Colonial Miscellanea" commencing with CO 277/1 for 1867. (Also CO 939/1 for 1946, for Singapore).
*[https://archive.org/search.php?query=title%3A%28%22Colonial+Reports+-+Annual%22%29&sort=date Archive.org editions of ''Colonial Reports - Annual'' from 1908 onwards] published by the Colonial Office. Includes reports for Straits Settlements and Malayan States.
:Colonial Office Reports from 1946 [https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28Colonial+%29+AND+title%3A%28Singapore+Report%29&sort=date ''Singapore''] for 1946, 1947, 1948. Archive.org.
:[https://seadelt.net/Singapore/Documents/ ''Colonial Reports - Annual. Straits Settlements''] for 1931-1932, 1934-1938  are available to download from seadelt.net "Sea-Delt SouthEast Asian DEvelopment in the Long Term".
*''The Colonial Office List for ...''.  Includes a section on each country, and the Colonial Office List at the end of each volume. First published 1862.  See [[Directories online#Colonial Office List|Directories online - Colonial Office List]] for a broken range 1862-1940.
*''A History of the Singapore Volunteer Corps, 1854-1937 : being also an historical outline of volunteering in Malaya''  by T.M. Winsley 1938.  A [http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/printheritage/detail/b037892f-77e2-4d3a-81dc-5c7b785dd5f1.aspx Limited preview] of this book, which however currently (2021/04/04) is quite extensive,  including  copies of photographs, is available online. eresources.nlb.gov.sg.  Also available in a reprint edition,<ref>[http://www.naval-military-press.com/history-of-the-singapore-volunteers-corps-1854-1937-being-also-an-historical-outline-of-volunteering-in-malaya.html ''A History of the Singapore Volunteer Corps, 1854-1937 : being also an historical outline of volunteering in Malaya''] Naval & Military Press</ref>  which in turn is available online on the pay website fold3, owned by Ancestry, as [https://www.fold3.com/browse/251/hTGb85NZ80xl_tk4DCfanlUH4 ''A History of the Singapore Volunteer Corps''].
*[https://digitalgems.nus.edu.sg/collection/79/items?sort_by=publication_date&sort=asc&filter= Digitised books on “History, Culture & Heritage“] from National University of Singapore. Note however, some of the books listed are in fact not viewable.
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=lqA2AAAAMAAJ ''Memoir of the life and public services of Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles...particularly in the government of Java, 1811-1816, Bencoolen and its dependencies, 1817-1824: (etc)''] Volume 1, by Sophia Raffles (1835), [http://books.google.com/books?id=86A2AAAAMAAJ Volume 2] Google Books.
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=lqA2AAAAMAAJ ''Memoir of the life and public services of Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles...particularly in the government of Java, 1811-1816, Bencoolen and its dependencies, 1817-1824: (etc)''] Volume 1, by Sophia Raffles (1835), [http://books.google.com/books?id=86A2AAAAMAAJ Volume 2] Google Books.
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=poRCAAAAIAAJ&pg=RA1-PA81 ''Travels in South-Eastern Asia (etc)] by Howard Malcolm (2nd edition 1839) 2 volumes in one, Google Books.  Singapore in 1837 commences  page 81 of Book 2.
*[https://archive.org/stream/cu31924023225471#page/n245/mode/2up Singapore and Malacca 1825-1826] page 231 ''Bits of Old China'' by William C Hunter 1885 Archive.org
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=VwVHAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA39 ''Trade and Travel in the Far East; Or, Recollections of Twenty-one Years Passed in Java, Singapore, Australia, and China''] by G.F. Davidson (1846). Singapore covered in Chapters 3 and 4.  Google Books
*[https://archive.org/details/b22394023/mode/2up ''A code of medical regulations, for the Honorable East India Company's establishment of surgeons, belonging to the Presidency of Prince of Wales' Island, Singapore, and Malacca''] by W E E Conwell, Surgeon on the Madras Establishment 1828 Archive.org.
*[https://books.google.com.au/books?id=8WVTAAAAcAAJ&pg=PR1 ''The Eastern Seas, or Voyages and adventures in the Indian Archipelago, in 1832, 33, 34 ... also an account of the present state of Singapore, etc''] by George Windsor Earl 1837 Google Books 
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=poRCAAAAIAAJ&pg=RA1-PA81 ''Travels in South-Eastern Asia (etc)''] by Howard Malcolm (2nd edition 1839) 2 volumes in one, Google Books.  Singapore in 1837 commences  page 81 of Book 2.
*''Political and Statistical Account of the British Settlements in the Straits of Malacca: Viz. Pinang, Malacca, and Singapore, with a History of the Malayan States on the Peninsula of Malacca‬'' by T J Newbold 1839 Google Books [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=OQ8PAAAAYAAJ&pg=PR3 Volume I], [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=2E0PAAAAMAAJ&pg=PR3 Volume II]
*''Statistics of the Colonies of the British Empire from the Official Records of the Colonial Office'' by  Robert Montgomery Martin 1839 Google Books. ''Book IV- Possessions in Asia'' [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=PvtqMe2cxhoC&pg=PA408 "Chapter V-Singapore (Singhapura)"] pages 408-412
*[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=U6_bUukB-nIC&pg=PA283 "The Eastern Settlements: Singapore, Prince of Wales Island, Malacca"] page 283 ''The Bengal and Agra Annual Guide and Gazetteer for 1842 Volume II'' Google Books. Includes Lists of Inhabitants.
*[https://archive.org/details/jstor-41326885 "Cultivation Of Nutmegs At Singapore"] is an article from ''Transactions of the Society, Instituted at London, for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures, and Commerce'', Volume 54. January 1, 1843. Archive.org
*[https://archive.org/details/singaporefreepre00sing ''The Singapore Free Press and Mercantile Advertiser'']. Various weekly editions during 1843. The text needs to be greatly enlarged. Archive.org (Catalogued as 1835)
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=VwVHAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA39 ''Trade and Travel in the Far East; Or, Recollections of Twenty-one Years Passed in Java, Singapore, Australia, and China''] by G.F. Davidson (1846). Singapore is covered in Chapters 3 and 4.  Google Books
*''The Burney Papers''.  Cover the period 1825 to 1849.  See [[Thailand]].
*''The Journal of the Indian Archipelago and Eastern Asia''. Published at Singapore Volumes 1-9 1847-1855; New Series Volumes 1-4  1856-59/63.
**[https://books.google.com.au/books?id=UjJTAAAAcAAJ&pg=PP5 Volume III,  1849], [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=KtIyAQAAIAAJ&pg=PP5 Volume IV 1850], [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=85oaAQAAIAAJ&pg=PR4 1862 Volume IV, New Series 1862] Google Books
**[https://archive.org/search.php?query=%22Journal+of+the+Indian+Archipelago+and+Eastern+Asia%22&sort=date Archive.org editions], many of which are mirrors from Digital Library of India.
**Reprint editions  HathiTrust Digital Library [http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/012294044  A] and [http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/000553617 B] for all years of publication
*[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=t5leAAAAcAAJ&pg=PR4 ''De Zieke Reiziger: Or, Rambles in Java and the Straits. In 1852''] [The Invalid Traveller] by A Bengal Civilian [stated elsewhere to be Charles Walter Kinloch] 1853 Google Books.
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=AbYBAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA725 ''A Gazetteer of Southern India: with the Tenasserim Provinces and Singapore''] by Pharoah &Co (1855). Singapore, page 725  
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=AbYBAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA725 ''A Gazetteer of Southern India: with the Tenasserim Provinces and Singapore''] by Pharoah &Co (1855). Singapore, page 725  
*[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=IaBVAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover ''Memorandum on the British Settlements in the Straits of Malacca''] by John Crawfurd 1858 Google Books (Missing pages 2-3) [[Penang]], [[Malacca]] and Singapore.
*[https://archive.org/stream/b2809265x#page/292/mode/2up "Singapore"] page 292 ''Reports on mountain and marine sanitaria; medical and statistical observations on civil stations and military cantonments, jails - dispensaries - regiments - barracks, &c. within the Presidency of Madras, the Straits of Malacca, the Andaman Islands, and British Burmah from January 1858 to January 1862''] by Inspector General of Hospitals Duncan Macpherson. 1862 Archive.org. Part of the series ''Selections from the Records of the Madras Government''.
*[https://books.google.com.au/books?id=QBxJAAAAcAAJ&pg=PR3 ''Our Tropical Possessions in Malayan India: Being a Descriptive Account of Singapore, Penang, Province Wellesley, and Malacca: Their Peoples, Products, Commerce and Government''] by John Cameron.  1865 Google Books. [https://archive.org/details/ourtropicalposse0000came/page/n9 Reprint edition 1965] with Introduction by Wang Gungwu. Archive.org Lending Library.
*[https://archive.org/details/dli.granth.72754/page/n5/mode/2up ''Jottings of an invalid in search of health, comprising a run through British India and a visit to Singapore and Java : a series of letters reprinted from the "Times of India"''] by Tom Cringle. [Author: William Walker, see Preface.] 1865. Archive.org, mirror from Asiatic Society of Mumbai, Granth Sanjeevani. Also available in the [http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_0000000356A0 British Library Digital Collection].
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/ananecdotalhist00buckgoog#page/n9/mode/1up ''An anecdotal history of old times in Singapore (1819-1867) Volume 1'']  [http://www.archive.org/stream/ananecdotalhist01buckgoog#page/n7/mode/1up ''Volume 2''] by Charles Burton Buckley 1902 Archive.org
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/ananecdotalhist00buckgoog#page/n9/mode/1up ''An anecdotal history of old times in Singapore (1819-1867) Volume 1'']  [http://www.archive.org/stream/ananecdotalhist01buckgoog#page/n7/mode/1up ''Volume 2''] by Charles Burton Buckley 1902 Archive.org
*''The China Sea Directory''  by the Hydrographic Office, Admiralty, London.
**''The China Sea Directory Volume I. Containing directions for the approaches to the China Sea and to Singapore, by the straits of Sunda, Banka, Gaspar, Carimata, Rhio, Varella, Durian, and Singapore'' by J. W. Reed , R N  and J. W. King, R N. [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=nP4GAAAAQAAJ&pg=PR1 1867] Google Books. [https://archive.org/details/cu31924071164960 3rd edition 1886] Archive.org.
*:[http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_000000008934  ''The China Sea Directory Volume I Supplement ... Directions for Malacca Strait'']. Compiled by Staff Commander John Cumins Richards. Hydrographic Office, Admiralty 1876.  British Library Digital Collection
**[http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_000000034776 ''The China Sea Directory Volume II. Containing directions for the navigation of the China Sea, between Singapore and Hong Kong''] by J. W. Reed , R N  and J. W. King, R N.  1868. British Library Digital Collection.
*[https://archive.org/details/directoryfornavi00find ''A directory for the navigation of the Indian Archipelago, China, and Japan, from the straits of Malacca and Sunda, and the passages east of Java. To Canton, Shanghai, the Yellow Sea, and Japan, with descriptions of the winds, monsoons, and currents, and general instructions for the various channels, harbours, etc''] by Alexander George Findlay 2nd edition 1878 Archive.org
*[https://archive.org/details/straitsofmalacca00thom_0 ''Straits of Malacca, Indo-China, and China; or, Ten Years’ Travels, Adventures and Residence Abroad''] by J Thomson 1875 Archive.org. [http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_000000035424  British Library Digital Collection version] with rotatable images. [http://www.johnthomsonexhibition.org/biography/ Through the Lens of John Thomson : Biography]
*[https://archive.org/details/RecordssportSou00Hami ''Records of sport in Southern India : chiefly on the Annamullay, Nielgherry and Pulney mountains, also including notes on Singapore, Java and Labuan, from journals written between 1844 and 1870''] by the late General Douglas Hamilton, Madras Army 1892 Archive.org
*''Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society'' 1878-1922. In 1923 the title changed to ''Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society''. Multiple volumes: [https://archive.org/search.php?query=Straits%20Asiatic%20AND%20mediatype%3Atexts Archive.org];  '''Restricted access''' Hathi Trust Digital Library may be available to viewers in North America and some other countries [http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/100160169 A], [http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/000525995 B] and  [http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/007523175 C], including index volumes. Also see [[Malaysia]].
:[http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/printheritage/detail/ae2b4863-c155-4508-95e8-4f92c4a6459c.aspx ''Index to journals nos. 1 to 50 of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society and to notes and queries I to IV''], published 1909. BookSG (which also has 1878 and 1880 editions)
*[https://archive.org/details/reminiscencesan01cavegoog ''Reminiscences of an Indian Official''] by General Sir Orfeur Cavenagh 1884 Archive.org. The author joined the Bengal Army in 1837. After the Indian Mutiny he was appointed Governor of the Straits Settlement, where he remained until transfer of the administration of the Straits Settlement to the Colonial Office in April 1867.
* ''Life of Lieut.-General the Hon. Sir Andrew Clarke, Colonel-Commandant of Royal Engineers'' edited by Col. RH Vetch 1905 Archive.org. [https://archive.org/details/lifeoflieutgener00vetc/page/118 "Governor of the Straits Settlements 1873-1875"] pages 119-192.
*[https://archive.org/details/twoyearsinjungle02horn ''Two Years in the Jungle : the Experiences of a Hunter and Naturalist in India, Ceylon, the Malay Peninsula and Borneo''] by William T Hornaday, Chief Taxidermist,  US National Museum 1885 Archive.org. Contains a chapter on Singapore.
*''The Stranger's Guide to Singapore with Maps''  Compiled by B E D' Aranjo 1890. [http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_000000034AD6 British Library Digital Collection], [http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/printheritage/detail/d70f531e-aa4b-4129-95ac-7bbacc8f43e2.aspx  BookSG], [https://archive.org/details/strangers-guide-to-singapore/mode/2up Archive.org].
*[http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_000000034D64 ''Précis of information concerning the Straits Settlements and the Native States of the Malay Peninsula'']. Prepared in the Intelligence Division, Horse Guards, War Office, etc.  1891. With a [http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_000000034D64#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=189&z=0%2C-289.3696%2C2571%2C2533.7391  Map of Town of Singapore] (which can be rotated). British Library Digital file.
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/handbooktosinga00reitgoog#page/n11/mode/1up ''Handbook to Singapore with Map, and a Plan of the Botanical Gardens''] by George Murray Reith 1892 Archive.org
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/handbooktosinga00reitgoog#page/n11/mode/1up ''Handbook to Singapore with Map, and a Plan of the Botanical Gardens''] by George Murray Reith 1892 Archive.org
*[https://archive.org/details/visittojavawitha00wors ''A Visit to Java : with an Account of the Founding of Singapore''] by William Basil Worsfold 1893 Archive.org
*[https://archive.org/details/b28096265/page/n5/mode/2up "Malay Materia Medica"] by H N Ridley pages 122- 138, ''Journal of the Straits Medical Association No 5 April 1893-December 1894''. Followed by, in the same digital file, [https://archive.org/details/b28096265/page/31/mode/2up "Malay Plant Names"]. From elsewhere this was by H N Ridley from ''Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society July 1897'', pages 31-284. Ridley elsewhere was stated to be Director of Gardens and Forests at Singapore. Archive.org.
*[https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/printheritage/detail/f31bf077-2368-43c6-9702-073e01d904f6.aspx ''The Journal of the Straits Medical Association'', no. 1 (Mar.-Sept. 1890) ; no. 2 (Oct. 1890-Mar. 1891) ; no. 3 (Apr. 1891-Mar. 1892) ; no. 4 (Apr. 1892-Mar. 1893) ; no. 5 (Apr. 1893-Dec. 1894)] These were the only volumes, as the Association then became part of the British Medical Association. eresources.nlb.gov.sg
*[http://archive.org/stream/cu31924023301710#page/n7/mode/2up ''Prisoners their own warders: a record of the convict prison at Singapore in the Straits Settlements, established 1825, discontinued 1873, together with a cursory history of the convict establishments at Bencoolen, Penang and Malacca from the year 1797''] by Major J. F. A. McNair,  assisted by W. D. Bayliss. 1899 Archive.org
*[http://archive.org/stream/cu31924023301710#page/n7/mode/2up ''Prisoners their own warders: a record of the convict prison at Singapore in the Straits Settlements, established 1825, discontinued 1873, together with a cursory history of the convict establishments at Bencoolen, Penang and Malacca from the year 1797''] by Major J. F. A. McNair,  assisted by W. D. Bayliss. 1899 Archive.org
 
*[https://archive.org/details/cu31924023048600 ''Sophia Cooke, or, Forty-two years' work in Singapore''] by by E A Walker, 1899 Archive.org
*[https://archive.org/details/jenningsguideto00unkngoog/page/n2/mode/2up ''Jennings' Guide to Singapore, Penang, Malacca, Johore, Deli, Bangkok, etc''] 1900 Archive.org
*[https://archive.org/details/cu31924014072791/page/n9/mode/2up ''European Settlements in the Far East; China, Japan, Corea, Indo-China, Straits Settlements, Malay States, Siam, Netherlands India, Borneo, the Philippines, etc'']  by DWS [catalogued as D Warres Smith] 1900 Archive.org. The author appears to have been the publisher of/associated with the annual publication ''Directory and Chronicle for China, Japan…'', see further above for online editions.
*[https://archive.org/details/cu31924023048972 ''Sunny Singapore : an account of the place and its people, with a sketch of the results of missionary work''] by the  Rev J A Bethune Cook 2nd Edition 1907 Archive.org
*[https://archive.org/details/b31352893/page/n3 ''Report on the Sanitary Condition of Singapore'']  by  W J Simpson 1907. Archive.org.
*[https://archive.org/details/journalof606319111912roya/page/n305/mode/2up "The Old Cemetery on Fort Canning, Singapore. With a plan and four plates"] by H A Stallwood ''Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society'' No 61 1912, page 77.
*''Bibliotheca Indosinica: Dictionnaire bibliographique des ouvrages relatifs à la péninsule indochinoise [Biblioteca Indosinica:  Bibliographic dictionary of books on the Indochinese Peninsula]'' by Henri Cordier 1912 Archive.org. [https://archive.org/stream/bibliothecaindos02cord#page/n7/mode/2up "Péninsule Malaise", Volume II] [Malay Peninsula].  Includes English publications. [https://archive.org/stream/bibliothecaindos02cord#page/752/mode/2up Contents]; [https://archive.org/stream/bibliothecaindos04cord#page/1524/mode/2up Index of authors]; [https://archive.org/stream/bibliothecaindos04cord#page/112/mode/2up  Alphabetical Index  for all volumes]
*[https://archive.org/details/cu31924011085457 ''Federated Malay States Railways : pamphlet of information for travellers : tours in the Malay Peninsula''] 1914 Archive.org. Includes
**[https://archive.org/stream/cu31924011085457#page/n78/mode/1up  Map of Singapore Town] and [https://archive.org/stream/cu31924011085457#page/n86/mode/1up Map of the Malay Peninsula]
*[https://archive.org/details/lauterbachofchin00lowe ''Lauterbach of the China Sea : the Escapes and Adventures of a Seagoing Falstaff''] by Lowell Thomas, 1930 Archive.org. During WW1 Julius Lauterbach was navigator on the German  SMS Emden and subsequently  was  a prisoner in Singapore at Tangling prison camp [https://archive.org/stream/lauterbachofchin00lowe#page/94/mode/2up page 95], and helped ferment dissatisfaction which led to the Singapore Mutiny, during which he escaped and fled, initially to Sumatra.
:For more details of this Mutiny  on 15 February 1915, see [[5th Regiment of Bengal (Light) Infantry|5th Light Infantry]].
*[https://archive.org/stream/blackwoodsmagazi198edinuoft#page/780/mode/2up "A Lady’s Experiences in the Singapore Mutiny"]  page 781 ''Blackwood’s Magazine'', no  198  July-December 1915. Archive.org.  Also see previous entry.
*[https://archive.org/details/b32843355_0001/page/n5/mode/2up ''Drainage problems of the East : being a revised and enlarged edition of "Oriental drainage", [Volume 1<nowiki>]</nowiki>''] by C C James 1917, first published 1906 Archive.org. Includes chapters relating to Drainage of the major cities in India (Bombay, Calcutta, Karachi, Madras, “Benares, Lucknow, Mirzapur and Lahore”), Rangoon, '''Singapore''', Penang and Shanghai, and of the major cities in Egypt. [https://archive.org/details/b32843355_0002/page/n5/mode/2up ''Drainage problems of the East, Volume 2- Plans''] by C C James 1917 Archive.org
*''One hundred years of Singapore : being some account of the capital of the Straits Settlements from its foundation by Sir Stamford Raffles on the 6th February 1819 to the 6th February 1919''.  Edited by Walter Makepeace, Dr Gilbert R Brooke. Roland St J Braddell 1921. [https://archive.org/details/onehundredyearso01braduoft Volume I], [https://archive.org/details/onehundredyearso02braduoft Volume II] Archive.org
*[https://archive.org/details/fromsiamtosuez010141mbp ''From Siam to Suez''] by James Saxon Childers 1932 Archive.org. The author travelled to Thailand, Singapore, Indonesia, Burma and India.
*[http://myrepositori.pnm.gov.my/xmlui/handle/123456789/3330 ''Singapore Patrol''] by  Alec Dixon,  1935. Pdf download, National Library of Malaysia. '''Note''': sample pages only. The author who joined the Straits Settlements Police postwar was one of a small force of detectives, where riots, murders, and robberies, occurred with alarming frequency. Full title (perhaps only in some editions): ''Singapore Patrol: Experiences of a Detective Officer in Malaya''. [http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19351206-1.2.71.aspx  Review] ''The Straits Times'', 6 December 1935 gov.sg.  [http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/17223115 Review] ''The Sydney Morning Herald'' (NSW) 14 Dec 1935
:[http://myrepositori.pnm.gov.my/xmlui/handle/123456789/3331 ''Some Principles of Policemanship''] by Mervyn Llewelyn Wynne 1938 Singapore. Pdf download, Repositori Digital,  National Library of Malaysia. Probably sample pages only.
:[http://myrepositori.pnm.gov.my/xmlui/handle/123456789/2677 ''Singapore : A Police Background'']  by Rene Onraet 1947. Pdf download,  Repositori Digital,  National Library of Malaysia. Catalogued as an  autobiography. The author was Inspector-General of the Straits Settlement Police between 1935 and 1939. Probably sample pages only.
*[https://archive.org/details/returntomalaya006324mbp ''Return to Malaya''] R.H.Bruce Lockhart 1936 Archive.org. The author had previously left Malaya c 1910.  Also includes references to Singapore.
*''Armaments Year-Book : General and Statistical Information'' published by League of Nations. [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/ien.35556028984169?urlappend=%3Bseq=176 "Asia and Islands in the Indian Ocean"] includes Malay Peninsula, page 176  ''First Year 1924, 2nd Edition''. HathiTrust Digital Library; [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=KXAAAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA193 "Asia"] page 193 ''1937 edition''. Google Books.
*[https://archive.org/details/oldmenforget011687mbp/page/n305/mode/2up "Singapore 1941-1942"], Chapter Eighteen, page 289 ''Old Men Forget: The Autobiography of Duff Cooper (Viscount Norwich)'' 1954. Archive.org. Cooper was sent by Churchill, with Cabinet rank, "to enquire into the various forms of civil administration" and later, for a period was Resident Cabinet Minister authorised to form a War Council.
*[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.154195 ''Bamboo Doctor''] by Stanley S. Pavillard 1960 Archive.org (from Digital Library of India). The author was newly arrived in Kedah when the Japanese attacked. He then became Medical Officer to the 1st SSVF and was subsequently a prisoner in Changi.
*For more books about Singapore during the Second World War, see [[Second World War#Singapore, Hong Kong, Malaya, Dutch East Indies, Vietnam|Second World War - Historical books online - Singapore, Hong Kong, Malaya, Dutch East Indies, Vietnam]]
*[https://archive.org/details/raffles00coll/page/n5 ''Raffles''] by Maurice Collis 1966  Archive.org Lending Library.
*[https://archive.org/details/talesfromsouthch00alle ''Tales from the South China Seas : images of the British in South-East Asia in the twentieth century''] by  Charles Allen 1984. Originally commissioned by, and broadcast on BBC Radio as oral history documentaries. Archive.org Lending Library.
*[https://archive.org/details/travellerssingap0000unse/mode/2up ''Travellers' Singapore : an anthology''] compiled and introduced by John Bastin 1994. Extracts from writings from 1819 to 1942. Archive.org Books to Borrow/Lending Library. 
*[https://archive.org/details/forgottenarmiesf00bayl ''Forgotten Armies : the fall of British Asia, 1941-1945''] by Christopher Bayly and Tim Harper 2005. Includes Singapore and Malaya. Archive.org Books to Borrow/Lending Library.
*[https://archive.org/details/empiresendhistor00keay/page/n5/mode/2up ''Empire's End : a history of the Far East from High Colonialism to Hong Kong''] by  John Keay 1997. Archive.org Books to Borrow/Lending Library.
*[http://www.ttc.edu.sg/csca/hd.htm  CSCA: Source Documents on the Study of Christianity in Asia] Online books from CSCA  [The Centre for the Study of Christianity in Asia] Trinity Theological College,  Singapore. There also  seem to be  a few books of a more general nature.
**[http://cscadocs.blogspot.com.au/2007/02/george-daniel-love-unites-people-1913.html ''Love Unites People : Memoirs of a Christian Worker in Singapore from 1913 to 1959''] (or [http://www.ttc.edu.sg/csca/rart_doc/ang/sing/daniel1959.pdf direct pdf])  by George Daniel 1957. He was also in Bombay 1906-1908, and Rangoon 1908-1913. He was a Choirister and Server in Anglican Churches.
:[http://anglicanhistory.org/asia/sea/index.html CSCA: Source Documents in Anglican Missions in Southeast Asia] compiled by Michael Poon. anglicanhistory.org
====Fiction====
*[https://archive.org/details/insingaporestory00stra/page/n5  ''In Singapore. The story of a strange search''] by  Clarence Stratton 1932. Archive.org
*[https://archive.org/details/singaporegrip0000farr ''The Singapore Grip'']  by J G Farrell 1979. Archive.org Books to Borrow/Lending Library. About the  Fall of Singapore. Another book by Farrell won the Booker Prize for Fiction in 1973, see [[Indian Mutiny#Fiction|Indian Mutiny - Fiction]].
====Medical history of Singapore====
====Medical history of Singapore====
*[http://www.sma.org.sg/smj/3806/articles/3806mh1.htm "History Of Medicine In Singapore”] by J S Cheah ''Singapore Medical Journal'' 1997 Volume 38 (6)
*[http://www.sma.org.sg/smj/3806/articles/3806mh1.htm "History Of Medicine In Singapore”] by J S Cheah ''Singapore Medical Journal'' 1997 Volume 38 (6)
Line 52: Line 221:
:*“A Brief Introduction to the Early History of Surgery in Singapore”  [http://www.sma.org.sg/smj/3806/articles/3806mh2.htm "Part I"] 1997  Volume 38(6) [http://www.sma.org.sg/smj/3807/articles/3807mh1.htm "Part II"] 1997  Volume 38(7) [http://www.sma.org.sg/smj/3808/3808smj13.pdf  "Part III"] 1997 Volume 38(8):353–355
:*“A Brief Introduction to the Early History of Surgery in Singapore”  [http://www.sma.org.sg/smj/3806/articles/3806mh2.htm "Part I"] 1997  Volume 38(6) [http://www.sma.org.sg/smj/3807/articles/3807mh1.htm "Part II"] 1997  Volume 38(7) [http://www.sma.org.sg/smj/3808/3808smj13.pdf  "Part III"] 1997 Volume 38(8):353–355
:*[http://www.sma.org.sg/smj/4609/4609cen1.pdf "Private practitioners and private hospitals in early Singapore (1819-1872)"] 2005 Sep; 46(9):489-503
:*[http://www.sma.org.sg/smj/4609/4609cen1.pdf "Private practitioners and private hospitals in early Singapore (1819-1872)"] 2005 Sep; 46(9):489-503
:*Other articles by Y K Lee about the early medical history of Singapore in the ''Singapore Medical Journal''] available [http://www.sma.org.sg/smj/smjpast.html online] (search by year) are in respect of:
:*Other articles by Y K Lee about the early medical history of Singapore in the ''Singapore Medical Journal'' available [http://www.sma.org.sg/smj/smjpast.html online] (search by year) are in respect of:
::*Cholera(1973 Mar)
::*Cholera (1973 Mar)
::*The Pauper Hospital (8 Parts-1973 Mar; 1974 Mar; 1975 Jun; 1975 Sep; 1975 Dec; 1976 Mar; 1976 Jun; 1976 Sep)
::*The Pauper Hospital (8 Parts-1973 Mar; 1974 Mar; 1975 Jun; 1975 Sep; 1975 Dec; 1976 Mar; 1976 Jun; 1976 Sep)
::*Smallpox and Vaccination (4 Parts- 1973 Dec; 1976 Dec; 1977 Mar; 1977 Jun)
::*Smallpox and Vaccination (4 Parts- 1973 Dec; 1976 Dec; 1977 Mar; 1977 Jun)
Line 67: Line 236:
Also see [[Apothecary]] and [[Nurse]]
Also see [[Apothecary]] and [[Nurse]]


===Other===
==References==
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurasians_in_Singapore  Eurasians in Singapore] Wikipedia
<references/>
*Rootsweb Singapore Mailing List - for details refer [[Mailing lists]]
*Peter Stubbs’ [http://www.fortsiloso.com/index.htm Fort Siloso] including [http://www.fortsiloso.com/home/home.htm A Soldier’s Home  [in the 1880s<nowiki>]</nowiki>]
*[http://www.dutchmalaysia.net/lang_en/ Official website of the Malaysian Dutch Descendants Project] includes [http://www.dutchmalaysia.net/lang_en/press/paper_20080527_history_of_the_dutch_and_dutch_eurasians_in_malaysia.html  History of the Dutch and Dutch-Eurasians in Malaysia]. Many Dutch Eurasians moved from Malacca to Singapore from the middle of the nineteenth century.
*[http://www.victorianwars.com/viewtopic.php?f=63&t=7850 Post] from Victorian Wars Forum with images of two gravestones from Fort Canning Cemetery, Peter Parks and John Hide, both sailors. Both are listed in the BACSA book ''Singapore: Early Cemeteries'' by Alan Harfield, refer above
*[http://www.indulgedtraveler.com/destinations/destinations-asia/remnants-of-jews-in-singapore Remnants of Jews in Singapore] by Barbara Kingstone  January 17, 2011 indulgedtraveler.com


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[[Category:Locations]]
[[Category:Locations]]
[[Category:Countries]]
[[Category:Straits Settlements]]
[[Category:Straits Settlements]]

Latest revision as of 12:58, 9 August 2024

In 1819, the British East India Company, led by Sir Stamford Raffles, established a trading post on the island of Singapore, which was used as a port along the spice route.

Singapore formed part of the Straits Settlements, together with Penang (Prince of Wales Island) and Malacca.

FIBIS resources

Records

  • Ecclesiastical Returns: Baptisms, Marriages and Burials at the British Library. Prince of Wales Island [Penang], Malacca and Singapore 1799-1829 in IOR N/8. These records are included in the digitised records now available on the commercial site findmypast
The FamilySearch (LDS) film number for these records is 498606, item 2. LDS batch number for baptisms 1828-1829 C310051. Data for the baptisms 1828-1829 has been transcribed on the LDS website Family Search. Enter batch number C310051, and baptismal records for Singapore on film 498606 will be shown. It is not known whether the data is a complete transcription or not. These records are in the World category (All Records Collections) in a group of records called World Miscellaneous.
Returns are continued in the Bengal returns 1830-1868, N/1. For Malacca marriages 1820-1824, see also IOR: R/9/39/3.
  • The National Archives of Singapore has in its collection, viewable in Singapore, microfilms of registers of baptisms, marriages and burials from various churches, mainly in Singapore. In the Advanced Search , under source, look at the various churches listed, and check what records are available. Includes Roman Catholic churches. For Anglican church records the sources as listed include "Church of England, Diocese of Singapore" and "St Andrew's Cathedral (Organisation : Singapore)". The former category also includes some records from Bangkok and Java, as churches in these regions were (and still appear to be) part of the Anglican Diocese of Singapore.
Subsets of these records are available as digitised microfilms available on FamilySearch, viewable at FamilySearch Centres and FamilySearch Affiliate Libraries. Catalogue entries include the Anglican Parish registers, 1820-1972 St. Andrew's Church (Singapore) and Parish registers, 1870-1973 Church of St. Peter and Paul.
  • For other records available on FamilySearch (LDS), this catalogue entry based on keyword Singapore, and English language and online filter, includes details of digitised microfilm church and cemetery records available for Singapore. See FamilySearch Centres for viewing details.
  • The book Fort Canning Cemetery, Singapore by A.G. Harfield 1978 is available at the British Library BLL01008881762 . This book has an association with, although was not published by BACSA, but it is not clear whether the content is included in the following 1988 book, (although it seems likely it has) or is separate, or whether it is included in the BACSA database, see following item.
  • BACSA has published the book Early Cemeteries in Singapore by Alan Harfield 1988 (revised edn) "Comprehensive record of all main cemeteries. 400pp, over 150 illustrations, maps and plans". For more details about the books currently available, and also those out of print, see BACSA - See also. This book is included in the BACSA Search database which is free to search. If you want a copy of the full record, a fee applies.
    • FamilySearch have digitised the above BACSA book which however is currently (2019/10) not viewable online.
  • British & Indian Armies in the East Indies (1685-1935) by Alan Harfield 1984 is available at the British Library, UIN: BLL01012672115. History of British and Indian Armies in Sumatra, Java, Sarawak, Malaya and Singapore from 1685-1935. Includes names of officers and men buried in these areas. Also includes name lists of persons in some military units which served in these areas.
    • FamilySearch have digitised this book which however is currently (2019/10) not viewable online.
  • Birth, marriage and death notices were published in Singapore newspapers. See following section for online newspapers.
  • See below External links, Institutions for Singapore Government records of births and deaths.

Newspapers

  • NewspaperSG Digitised newspapers from the National Library Board, Singapore.
To see the coverage , click on Browse Newspapers/Newspaper titles, then select the title from the drop down menu. Clicking on the title name will take you to an information page, where you can see the date coverage, and if require, select a specific issue. It appears there is some coverage from 1827 (Singapore Chronicle And The Commercial Register), or perhaps even earlier.
  • The London and China Express, published in London, with target readership those outside the Indian Empire, including the Straits Settlements, is available on Findmypast, category "Newspapers & periodicals"/"British newspapers", with the same contents also available on the British Newspaper Archive, both pay websites. The date range is from November 25, 1858 to July 2, 1931. For more details see Newspapers and journals online.

Recommended reading

  • Raffles and the Golden Opportunity by Victoria Glendinning, published 2012.
This book has been reviewed by Beverly Hallam in FIBIS Journal Number 30 (Autumn 2013) page 43

Also see

External links

Encylopedia entries

Institutions

Other

Search all Ancestry Message Boards.
"A Brief History of the Volunteer Forces in Singapore", Appendix I from a larger publication, probably One of a Kind Remembering SAFTI's First Batch. mindef.gov.sg. Ministry of Defence. Stated to be largely based on information from Captain T. M. Winsley’s A History of The Singapore Volunteer Corps 1854 – 1937.
The Malayan Volunteer Forces by Rosemary Fell. cofepow.org.uk
Singapore And Malaya Volunteer Corps Medals 10 March 2013 from “Singapore Volunteer Corps, Straits Settlements Volunteer Force, Malaya Volunteer Forces”
Malayan Volunteers Group Includes categories such as History, Stories, Malayan Volunteer Air Force, Evacuees, Armoured Cars, Sumatra etc.
[Bibliography]: Primary Accounts of Singapore from 1800s to 1942 nlb.gov.sg
Article about golf courses from the New York Times, dated January 8, 1899. Includes a description of the Sepoy golf links at Singapore with its uniquely named greens. Now only available to New York Times subscribers.
"Spreading the word: using cookbooks and colonial memoirs to examine the foodways of British Colonials in Asia, 1850-1900" by Cecilia Y. Leong-Salobir, University of Wollongong. From The Routledge History of Food 2015 (pp. 131-155)

Maps

Historical photographs online

Historical books online

Books about Singapore, 1972 by National Library of Singapore 1972 Archive.org
For 1873, Contents; Civil Establishments , commencing with an Index page 177, Singapore page 187, Penang page 209, Malacca page 223.
Straits Settlements Blue Book for 1896, 1912, 1915, 1917, 1919, 1920, 1921, 1922, 1924, 1925, 1926, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1937, 1938 Google Books. Mirror versions of these editions are available in the previously mentioned Archive.org link.
National Archives of Singapore has many editions catalogued as Straits Settlements Blue Books. In the Advanced Search for the title use search term Blue Books. All editions 1870-1938 appear to be available to read online (but download does not appear possible) and additionally there is Colony of Singapore Blue Book 1946. Unfortunately the book reader is not easy to use. To increase size of font use your mouse wheel , and then an adjustment bar appears. To navigate to a particular page, use the thumbnails. The catalogue includes editions from 1867, but editions prior to 1870 do not appear to have been digitised. There is a Search option within each text, and the Search link previously mentioned also seems able to be used to search the texts of the entire collection using keywords.
Straits Settlements Blue Book are available on "Sea-Delt SouthEast Asian DEvelopment in the Long Term", however all years available appear to be also available on other sites. Example 1932 Pdf. (Also 1888, 1904, 1907, 1908, 1910 which are also available on Archive.org, and 1922 available Google Books).
Other editions of the Blue Books of Statistics are available at the National Archives, Kew record series CO 277 1867-1939, part of "Records of Local Bodies and Other Colonial Miscellanea" commencing with CO 277/1 for 1867. (Also CO 939/1 for 1946, for Singapore).
Colonial Office Reports from 1946 Singapore for 1946, 1947, 1948. Archive.org.
Colonial Reports - Annual. Straits Settlements for 1931-1932, 1934-1938 are available to download from seadelt.net "Sea-Delt SouthEast Asian DEvelopment in the Long Term".
Index to journals nos. 1 to 50 of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society and to notes and queries I to IV, published 1909. BookSG (which also has 1878 and 1880 editions)
For more details of this Mutiny on 15 February 1915, see 5th Light Infantry.
  • "A Lady’s Experiences in the Singapore Mutiny" page 781 Blackwood’s Magazine, no 198 July-December 1915. Archive.org. Also see previous entry.
  • Drainage problems of the East : being a revised and enlarged edition of "Oriental drainage", [Volume 1] by C C James 1917, first published 1906 Archive.org. Includes chapters relating to Drainage of the major cities in India (Bombay, Calcutta, Karachi, Madras, “Benares, Lucknow, Mirzapur and Lahore”), Rangoon, Singapore, Penang and Shanghai, and of the major cities in Egypt. Drainage problems of the East, Volume 2- Plans by C C James 1917 Archive.org
  • One hundred years of Singapore : being some account of the capital of the Straits Settlements from its foundation by Sir Stamford Raffles on the 6th February 1819 to the 6th February 1919. Edited by Walter Makepeace, Dr Gilbert R Brooke. Roland St J Braddell 1921. Volume I, Volume II Archive.org
  • From Siam to Suez by James Saxon Childers 1932 Archive.org. The author travelled to Thailand, Singapore, Indonesia, Burma and India.
  • Singapore Patrol by Alec Dixon, 1935. Pdf download, National Library of Malaysia. Note: sample pages only. The author who joined the Straits Settlements Police postwar was one of a small force of detectives, where riots, murders, and robberies, occurred with alarming frequency. Full title (perhaps only in some editions): Singapore Patrol: Experiences of a Detective Officer in Malaya. Review The Straits Times, 6 December 1935 gov.sg. Review The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW) 14 Dec 1935
Some Principles of Policemanship by Mervyn Llewelyn Wynne 1938 Singapore. Pdf download, Repositori Digital, National Library of Malaysia. Probably sample pages only.
Singapore : A Police Background by Rene Onraet 1947. Pdf download, Repositori Digital, National Library of Malaysia. Catalogued as an autobiography. The author was Inspector-General of the Straits Settlement Police between 1935 and 1939. Probably sample pages only.
CSCA: Source Documents in Anglican Missions in Southeast Asia compiled by Michael Poon. anglicanhistory.org

Fiction

Medical history of Singapore

  • Cholera (1973 Mar)
  • The Pauper Hospital (8 Parts-1973 Mar; 1974 Mar; 1975 Jun; 1975 Sep; 1975 Dec; 1976 Mar; 1976 Jun; 1976 Sep)
  • Smallpox and Vaccination (4 Parts- 1973 Dec; 1976 Dec; 1977 Mar; 1977 Jun)
  • Prostitution And Venereal Disease (2 Parts-1980 Oct; 1980 Dec)
  • The Mental Diseases Hospital Singapore (1st 100 Years) (4 Parts-1992 Aug; 1992 Oct;1992 Dec;1993 Feb)
  • The Coroner (2005 Oct)
  • Radiology (2006 Feb)
  • Anaesthetics (2006 Mar)
  • Pharmacy (2006 May).

Also see Apothecary and Nurse

References