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[[Image:Bank of Bengal, Calcutta.jpg‎|right|thumb|300px|Bank of Bengal, Calcutta]]
[[Image:Punjab_district_map.jpg|thumb|400px|Map showing its districts and princely states]]  


Information on '''Merchants''' and '''Bankers''', '''Trade and Commerce''', including '''Banks'''
'''Punjab''' referred to the areas between the five rivers which were Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas and Sutlej and which were the territory of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikh_Empire Sikh Empire]. The present Punjab region covers the area of the two modern states of the same name (one on each side of the India-Pakistan border) as well as the Indian state of Haryana.


See also:
==History==
*[[Commerce and trade reading list]]
Following the [[2nd Sikh War]] the Punjab was annexed by the British in 1849 and became part of the [[Bengal Presidency]]. In 1901 Lord Curzon authorised the division of Punjab. The [[North West Frontier Province]] was created with five districts and five agencies. [[Delhi]] was separated to become the new capital. The remaining part of Punjab formed a separate province which was subsequently partitioned between [[India]] and [[Pakistan]] in 1947.
*[[Opium trade]]


==External links==
====Government====
*[http://www.danbyrnes.com.au/merchants Merchants and Bankers] Dan Byrnes’ site has many references to India related merchants and trade.
* 1897-1920: Council of the Lieutenant Governor of the Punjab.  
:Other parts of the site can be accessed via [http://www.merchantnetworks.com.au/listing.htm Merchant Networks]. A search facility is available at the bottom of the page. India related information includes:
* 1921-1936: Punjab Legislative Council
:*[http://www.merchantnetworks.com.au/periods/1800after/hodsonslists.htm On the Hodson Lists for Families of British India]
* 1937-1947: Punjab Legislative Assembly<br>
:*[http://www.merchantnetworks.com.au/periods/1800after/1827indigo.htm Decline of indigo business in India]
: [http://www.pap.gov.pk/html/1193897152_e.shtml Legislators]
:*[http://www.merchantnetworks.com.au/contents.htm Listings for British-India] (but you must scroll down this page a considerable way)
:The email listings, both [http://www.merchantnetworks.com.au/emailold.htm old] and [http://www.merchantnetworks.com.au/emailers.htm new] also contain references to India.
*[http://www.biship.com/history.htm  A Short History of British India Steam Navigation 1856-1956] from B I Ship. Contains details of the firm of Mackinnon, Mackenzie & Co, and the establishment of The Calcutta & Burmah Steam Navigation Co Ltd  which became the British India Steam Navigation Co
*[http://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac%3A129132 "Routes into Networks: The Structure of English Trade in the East Indies, 1601-1833"] by Emily Erikson and Peter Bearman 2004. Columbia University Working Papers Series
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_banking Indian banking] Wikipedia
*[http://www.tribuneindia.com/2005/20050626/spectrum/main1.htm "200 years and going strong"] by Shiv Kumar  June 26, 2005 tribuneindia.com. The State Bank of India had its origins in the Bank of Calcutta established on June 2, 1806, subsequently renamed the Bank of Bengal on January 2, 1809
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20131024070303/http://coombs.anu.edu.au/SpecialProj/ASAA/biennial-conference/2004/McGuire-J-ASAA2004.pdf "The Rise and Fall of the Oriental Bank in the Nineteenth Century: A Product of the Transformations that Occurred in the World Economy or the Result of its Own Mismanagement"] by John McGuire, South Asia Research Unit, Curtin University, Perth WA. Paper presented to Asian Studies Association of Australia, 15th Biennial Conference, National Convention Centre, Canberra, 29 June - 2 July 2004. Now an archived webpage.
*[http://www.marxists.org/history/etol/newspape/ni/vol17/no02/mehta.htm  "Who Controls India’s Economy? A Continuing Pattern of Concentration of Wealth"] by Ashoka Mehta  ''The New International, March-April 1951'' www.marxists.org
*[http://barclayperkins.blogspot.com/2010/11/brewing-in-19th-century-india.html Brewing in 19th-century India] barclayperkins
*''The Legacy Continues...A history of Price Waterhouse, Lovelock & Lewes and PricewaterhouseCoopers Pvt. Ltd. in India'' by Rathin Datta. The first chapter, to page 50, covers the period from 1880 to independence. [http://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pwc.in%2Fen_IN%2Fin%2Fassets%2Fpdfs%2Faboutus%2Fhistory.pdf html version],  [https://www.pwc.in/en_IN/in/assets/pdfs/aboutus/history.pdf pdf]


===Historical books online===
==Capital==
*[https://archive.org/details/eastindiatradein00khanuoft ''The East India Trade in the XVIIth century, in its Political and Economic Aspects''] by Shafaat Ahmad Khan 1923 Archive.org
* [[Lahore]]
*''Travels in India by Jean Baptiste Tavernier, baron of Aubonne, tr. from the original French edition of 1676, with a biographical sketch of the author, notes, appendices, etc., by V. Ball''. 1889  [http://www.archive.org/stream/travelsinindia00unkngoog#page/n8/mode/2up Volume 1], [http://www.archive.org/stream/travelsinindia00tavegoog#page/n9/mode/2up Volume 2] Archive.org
* [[Murree]] (Winter capital until 1870s)
*''A new account of the East Indies'' by Alexander Hamilton 1744 [http://books.google.com/books?id=-jNagGDT-PsC&pg=PR1  Volume 1], [http://books.google.com/books?id=cV7RhS7iEV0C&pg=RA1-PR4 Volume 2] Google Books
 
*''A philosophical and political history of the settlements and trade of the Europeans in the East and West Indies'' by Abbé Guillaume-Thomas-François Raynal 1804 edition, first published in an English translation 1783 [http://books.google.com/books?id=Qqw1AAAAMAAJ&pg=PR3 Volume 1],[http://books.google.com/books?id=2as1AAAAMAAJ&pg=PP5 Volume 2] (out of 6 volumes) Google Books
==Divisions==
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=0EEuAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA115 "East Indies"] from ''The Universal Cambist, and Commercial Instructor: being a general treatise on exchange, including the monies, coins, weights and measures of all trading nations and their colonies : with an account of their banks and paper currencies, Volume 1'' by Patrick Kelly 1811 Google Books
At the turn of the 20th century there were five administrative divisions:
*''Oriental commerce: containing a geographical description of the principal places in the East Indies, China, and Japan, with their produce, manufactures, and trade'' by William Milburn 1813 Google Books
* Delhi
:[http://books.google.com/books?id=1bFLAAAAYAAJ&pg=PP9 Volume 1]. [http://books.google.com/books?id=1bFLAAAAYAAJ&pg=PP11 Contents, Volume 1]. India commences [http://books.google.com/books?id=1bFLAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA154 Chapter 12], page 154.  [http://books.google.com/books?id=2LpLAAAAYAAJ&pg=PP7 Volume 2], [http://books.google.com/books?id=2LpLAAAAYAAJ&pg=PP9, Contents, Volume 2]
* Jullunder
:[http://www.google.com/books?id=qGIOAAAAQAAJ&pg=PP5  1825 revised edition], [http://www.google.com/books?id=qGIOAAAAQAAJ&pg=PP11 Contents] by  William Milburn and Thomas Thornton  Google Books
* Lahore
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=BTYGAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover ''Useful Tables, forming an Appendix to the Journal of the Asiatic Society: part the first, Coins, Weights, and Measures of British India''] by James Prinsep 1834 Google Books
* Multan
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=8NxDAAAAYAAJ&pg=PR3 ''Sketch of the commercial resources and monetary and mercantile system of British India: with suggestions for their improvement, by means of banking establishments''] 1837 Google Books
* Rawalpindi
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=HBAZAAAAYAAJ&pg=PR1 ''The rise, progress, and present condition of banking in India''], [http://books.google.com/books?id=HBAZAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA417 Index] by Charles Northcote Cooke 1863 Google Books
 
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/financialchapter00wachuoft#page/n3/mode/2up ''A Financial Chapter in the History of Bombay City 1864-65''] by Dinsha Edulji Wacha 2nd Edition 1910 Archive.org.  Includes the failure of the Bank of Bombay.
==Districts and other areas==
*[https://books.google.com.au/books?id=Ni8KAAAAIAAJ&pg=PR1 ''‪How to Develope Productive Industry in India and the East: Mills and Factories for Ginning, Spinning, and Weaving Cotton; Jute and Silk Manufactures... Etc., Etc.''] by P R Cola, late sole proprietor of the Arkwright Cotton Mills, Bombay. 1867 Google Books
To see divisions and districts in Punjab Province at the turn of the 20th century with their headquarter towns see [[Punjab Districts]]. Not all districts existed at the same time. Below is an attempt to list all districts that existed at one time or another under British rule.
====In India====
* [[Amritsar District]]
* [[Gurdaspur District]]
* [[Hissar District]]
 
====In Pakistan====
* [[Attock District]]
* [[Chenab Colony]]
* [[Dera Ghazi Khan District]]
* [[Gujranwala District]]
* [[Jhang District]]
* [[Jhelum District]]
* [[Lahore District]]
* [[Lyallpur District]]
* [[Mianwali District]]
* [[Montgomery District]] (now Sahiwal District)
* [[Multan District]]
* [[Muzaffargarh District]]
* [[Rawalpindi District]]
* [[Shahpur District]]
* [[Sheikhupura District]]
* [[Sialkot District]]
 
====NWFP====
These 5 districts were part of Punjab until 1901 when they were separated to form the new province.
* [[Bannu District]]
* [[Dera Ismail Khan District]]
* [[Hazara District]]
* [[Kohat District]]
* [[Peshawar District]]
 
==Cities and Towns==
====In India====
* [[Amritsar]]
* [[Batala]]
* [[Delhi]]
* [[Ferozepore|Ferozepur]]
* [[Gurdaspur]]
* [[Hoshiarpur]]
* [[Ludhiana]]
* [[Simla]]
 
====In Pakistan====
* [[Attock]]
* [[Bhera]]
* [[Campbellpur]]
* [[Chillianwala]]
* [[Chiniot]]
* [[Dera Ghazi Khan]]
* [[Fort Munro]]
* [[Gujrat]] (also spelt Gujerat)
* [[Gujranwala]]
* [[Hasanabdal]]
* [[Jhang]]
* [[Jhelum]]
* [[Kasur]]
* [[Khewra]]
* [[Khushab]]
* [[Lahore]]
* [[Lyallpur]] (now Faisalabad)
* [[Montgomery]] (now Sahiwal)
* [[Multan]]
* [[Murree]]
* [[Muzaffargarh]]
* [[Nankana Sahib]]
* [[Pakpattan]]
* [[Rawalpindi]]
* [[Pind Dadan Khan]]
* [[Sakesar]]
* Shahdheri (now known as [[Taxila]])
* [[Sialkot]]
 
==Princely States==
====India====
* [[Chamba State]]
* [[Faridkot State]]
* [[Kalsia State]]
* [[Patiala State ]]
 
====Pakistan====
* [[Bahawalpur State]]
 
 
 
== External Links ==
====Wikipedia====
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab_%28British_India%29 Punjab (British India)]  
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab_region Punjab Region]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab_(India) Punjab (India)]  
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab_(Pakistan) Punjab (Pakistan)]
====Other====
*[http://www.academia.edu/9405999/India_and_the_Great_War_Colonial_Anxieties_Fantasies_and_Discontent_Studies_in_Ethnicity_and_Nationalism_Vol._14_No._2_2014 "India and the Great War: Colonial Anxieties, Fantasies and Discontent"] by 
Gajendra Singh ''Studies in Ethnicity and Nationalism'', Vol. 14, No. 2, 2014. academia.edu
====Historical books online ====
*''Narrative of Various Journeys in Balochistan, Afghanistan, and the Panjab: including a Residence in Those Countries from 1826 to 1838'' by Charles Masson 1842 Google Books [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=KBAlciGlDMMC&pg=PR3 Volume1], [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=KlJFAQAAIAAJ&pg=PR1  Volume 2], [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=lFJFAQAAIAAJ&pg=PR3 Volume 3]
*''Narrative of Various Journeys in Balochistan, Afghanistan, the Panjab, and Kalât, During a Residence in Those Countries: To which is Added an Account of the Insurrection at Kalât, and a Memoir on Eastern Balochistan'' by Charles Masson 1844 Google Books [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=MtYWAAAAQAAJ&pg=PR3 Volume 1], [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=RNYWAAAAQAAJ&pg=PR3 Volume 2], [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=WNYWAAAAQAAJ&pg=PR3 Volume 3], [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=dNYWAAAAQAAJ&pg=PR4 Volume 4]
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=lGwoAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA225 "The Administration of the Punjab"], page 225 ''The Calcutta Review'', Volume 20, July-December 1853 Google Books
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=QRYYAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA445 "Life in the Punjab"] ''The Calcutta Review'' Volume 26, January-June 1856  Google Books
*[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=LZ8IAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover ''General Report of the Administration of the Punjab Proper for the years 1849-50 and 1850-51 being the first two years after annexation''] 1854 Google Books
*[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=AAmzAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover ''Selections from the records of the Government of India (Foreign Department), Issue 6: General Report on the Administration of the Punjab Territories for the years 1851-52 and 1852-53''] 1854 Google Books
*''The Annals of Indian Administration'', edited by Meredith Townsend and later George Smith. Selected extracts from the Records of the Indian, Bengal, Madras Bombay, NWP, and Punjab and perhaps other Governments. Google Books. Many additional volumes up to Volume 19 1873-74 may be viewed online on the [[Online books#Digital Library of India| Digital Library of India]] website.
**[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=OqsEAAAAQAAJ&pg=PP7 Part I 1856], [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=YrAEAAAAQAAJ&pg=PR6 Part VI 1858], [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=jrAEAAAAQAAJ&pg=PP7  Volume 3, Part 2 June 1859], [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=p7AEAAAAQAAJ&pg=PR4 Volume 4, Part 1 March 1860], [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=frIEAAAAQAAJ&pg=PP5 Volume 14 1868-69].
*[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=sJwIAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover ''Selections from the Public Correspondence of the Punjab Government Volume IV No 2: I Correspondence regarding Tea Plantations in the Punjab Provinces II Papers regarding the insalubrity of the Peshawur valley''] 1859 Google Books
*[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=HB0TAAAAYAAJ&pg=PP5 ''The Punjab Record or Reference Book for Civil Officers Volume 3 1868''] Google Books
*[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=jRUTAAAAYAAJ&pg=PP5 ''The Punjab Record or Reference Book for Civil Officers Volume 4 1869''] Contains circulars, with indexes, for 1869. Each section is numbered separately:[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=jRUTAAAAYAAJ&pg=PP7 Financial Circular Orders]; [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=jRUTAAAAYAAJ&pg=PP11 Police Department Orders], [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=jRUTAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA1 commencing here]; [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=jRUTAAAAYAAJ&pg=PP23  Account Department Orders];  [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=jRUTAAAAYAAJ&pg=PP31 Jail Department Orders]; [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=jRUTAAAAYAAJ&pg=PP35  Registration Circular Orders]; [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=jRUTAAAAYAAJ&pg=PR1  Supreme Government Orders],  [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=jRUTAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA3-PA1 commencing here]; [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=jRUTAAAAYAAJ&pg=PR21 Punjab Government Orders],  [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=jRUTAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA4-PA1 commencing here]; [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=jRUTAAAAYAAJ&pg=PR29 Selections from the records of the Office of the Financial Commissioner, Punjab 1869] Google Books
*''The Punjab Record or Reference Book for Civil Officers'' Archive.org
:[https://archive.org/details/punjabrecordorre07lahouoft Volume VII 1872], [http://archive.org/stream/punjabrecordorre09lahouoft#page/n3/mode/2up Volume IX 1874], [http://archive.org/stream/punjabrecordorre14lahouoft#page/n3/mode/2up Volume XIV 1879], [http://archive.org/stream/punjabrecordorre17lahouoft#page/n3/mode/2up Volume XVII 1882], [http://archive.org/stream/punjabrecord01unkngoog#page/n4/mode/2up Part II-Executive Volume XXXVII 1902],  [http://archive.org/stream/punjabrecord00courgoog#page/n4/mode/2up Part II-Executive Volume XLI 1906]. Further volumes are available at [https://archive.org/search.php?query=%22Punjab+Record%22&sort=-date Archive.org]
*[http://dspace.gipe.ac.in/jspui/handle/10973/4892 ''Commerce by river in the Punjab (1861-62 to 1871-72) or a Survey of the Marine Department of the Government of the Punjab''] by Faqir Chand Arrora 1930. GIPE Pune Digitised Books
*[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=M-EJAAAAIAAJ&pg=PP11 ''Hand-book of the Economic Products of the Punjab: With a Combined Index and Glossary of Technical Vernacular Words: Volume I Economic Raw Produce''] by Baden H Powell, H M Bengal Civil Service.  1868 Google Books
*[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=M-EJAAAAIAAJ&pg=PP11 ''Hand-book of the Economic Products of the Punjab: With a Combined Index and Glossary of Technical Vernacular Words: Volume I Economic Raw Produce''] by Baden H Powell, H M Bengal Civil Service.  1868 Google Books
:[https://books.google.com.au/books?id=Kk8aAAAAYAAJ&pg=PP7 ''‪Hand-book of the Manufactures and Arts of the Punjab: Forming Vol. II to the "Hand-book of the Economic Products of the Punjab."‬''] by B H Baden Powell, H M Bengal Civil Service 1872 Google Books‪
*[https://books.google.com.au/books?id=Kk8aAAAAYAAJ&pg=PP7 ''‪Hand-book of the Manufactures and Arts of the Punjab: Forming Vol. II to the "Hand-book of the Economic Products of the Punjab."‬''] by B H Baden Powell, H M Bengal Civil Service 1872 Google Books
*[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=PUsIAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA1 "‪Russian Trade with India". ''Supplement to the Gazette of India‬ November 26, 1870''] Google Books
*[https://archive.org/details/punjaubnorthwest00oldp  ''The Punjaub and North-West Frontier of India''] 
by An Old Punjaubee. 1878 Archive.org
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/commerceandcomp00unkngoog#page/n7/mode/1up ''"Commerce and Companies": being a reprint from "The Pioneer", from August 1884 to September 1885''] 1885 Archive.org
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/reportonadminis00lahogoog#page/n3/mode/2up  ''Report on the Administration of the Punjab and its Dependencies for 1881-82''] 1882 Archive.org
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/indianempireitsp00hunt#page/554/mode/2up "Commerce and Trade"]  page 555 ''The Indian Empire, its People, History, and Products'' by William Wilson Hunter 2nd Edition 1886 Archive.org [http://www.archive.org/stream/indianempireitsp00hunt#page/n31/mode/2up Contents]
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/handbookpanjbwe01eastgoog#page/n6/mode/1up ''Handbook of the Panjab, Western Rajputana, Kashmir, and Upper Sindh''] by Edward B. Eastwick, published by John Murray 1883 Archive.org (Volume 4 in a series of Handbooks)
*''A Dictionary of the Economic Products of India'' by George Watt There were ten volumes in total, including an Index volume: [https://archive.org/details/adictionaryecon00wattgoog Volume I, Abaca to Buxus] 1885; [https://archive.org/details/adictionaryecon00agrigoog Volume VI, Part II Sabadilla to Silica] 1893; [https://archive.org/details/adictionaryecon01agrigoog Volume VI, Part III Silk to Tea] 1893 Archive.org
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/landfiveriversa01rossgoog#page/n5/mode/2up ''The Land of the Five Rivers and Sindh: Sketches Historical and Descriptive''] by David Ross 1883 Archive.org. Note that page 1 (at least) is missing, which may be obtained from this [http://www.archive.org/stream/landfiveriversa00rossgoog#page/n12/mode/2up link]
:All the remaining volumes are available to read online on the [[Online books#Digital Library of India| Digital Library of India]] website. (Vol- II Cabbage to Cyperus; Vol- III Dacrydium to  Gordonia; Vol-IV (Gossypium to Lonociera); Vol-V (Linum to Oyster); Vol-Vi Part-I (Pachyrhizus to Rye); Vol-VI Part-IV (Tectona to Zygophillum), together with an Index volume). '''Restricted viewing''', probably accessible to those in North America, and some other countries: [http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/001318531 Hathi Trust Digital Library] ten volumes
*[http://archive.org/stream/thirtyfiveyearsi00elsm#page/n7/mode/2up ''Thirty-five years in the Punjab, 1858-1893''] by G. R. Elsmie. "The last Haileybury Civilian who worked in that Province" 1908 Archive.org
:[https://archive.org/details/commercialproduc00wattuoft ''The commercial products of India : being an abridgment of The dictionary of the economic products of India''] by Sir George Watt 1908 Archive.org [https://archive.org/stream/commercialproduc00wattuoft#page/1144/mode/2up Index]
*Many ''Punjab District Gazetteers''  and ''Punjab States Gazetteers'' are available  as pdf downloads,  Digital Library of India. See [[Gazetteers]] for details.
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924022945129#page/n3/mode/2up ''The history of the Bank of Bengal: an epitome of a hundred years of banking in India''] by CP Symes Scutt 1904 Archive.org
*[http://dli.serc.iisc.ernet.in/handle/2015/105551 ''Imperial Gazetteer of India Provincial Series: Punjab Volume  I''] 1908. Pdf download, Digital Library of India
*[https://archive.org/details/oldcountrytradeo00coatrich ''The Old 'Country Trade' of the East Indies''] by William Herbert Coates, Comm. R N R (retired) 1911 Archive.org
:[http://archive.org/stream/imperialgazette05unkngoog#page/n4/mode/2up  ''Imperial Gazetteer of India: Provincial Series Punjab Volume II The Lahore, Rawalpindi and Multan Divisions and Native States''] 1908 Archive.org
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/bengalassambehar00playuoft#page/72/mode/2up Businesses in Calcutta c 1917] from ''Bengal and Assam, Behar and Orissa : their history, people, commerce and industrial resources'' by  Somerset Playne , J W  Bond 1917 Archive.org
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/punjabdisturbanc01lahouoft#page/n7/mode/2up ''Punjab disturbances, April 1919; compiled from the Civil and military gazette''] 1919 Archive.org
*[http://dspace.gipe.ac.in/jspui/handle/1/7068 ''Early European Banking in India : With some reflections on present conditions''] by H Sinha,1927 may be downloaded as a pdf from GIPE, Pune Digitised Books (Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics (GIPE), Pune)
*[http://www.panjabdigilib.org/webuser/searches/displayPage.jsp?ID=7255&page=1&CategoryID=1  ''The Punjab And The War''] compiled by M S Leigh  ICS  1922  Panjab Digital Library. This book is also available as a [http://dli.serc.iisc.ernet.in/handle/2015/278316 pdf download]  Digital Library of India.
*''History of Indian Currency and Exchange'' by B.E. Dadachanji 3rd enlarged edition 1934 is available to read  online on the [[Online books#Digital Library of India| Digital Library of India]] website. The 1927 edition is also available.
*[http://panjabdigilib.org/webuser/searches/mainpage.jsp Panjab Digital Library]. It is necessary to register to read more than the first few pages of each book.
*[https://archive.org/details/problemsofindian031261mbp ''Problems of Indian Currency and Exchange''] by N R Sarker 1944 Archive.org
**The collection includes a number of [http://www.panjabdigilib.org/webuser/searches/mainpage.jsp?CategoryID=1&Searched=Gazetteer&x=16&y=12  ''Punjab District Gazetteers''] (The spelling also includes [http://www.panjabdigilib.org/webuser/searches/mainpage.jsp?CategoryID=1&Searched=Gazeteer&x=20&y=9 Gazeteer]/ [http://www.panjabdigilib.org/webuser/searches/mainpage.jsp?CategoryID=1&Searched=Gazetter&typebox=1 Gazetter]/ [http://www.panjabdigilib.org/webuser/searches/mainpage.jsp?CategoryID=1&Searched=Gazeetter&x=13&y=9 Gazeetter])
*[https://archive.org/details/historyandproble032929mbp ''History and Problems of Indian Currency 1835-1949''] by D K Malhotra 1949 Archive.org
*[http://www.apnaorg.com/books/e-booklist.shtml Academy of the Punjab in North America: English language books online]. 
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/lifeassuranceini032319mbp#page/n3/mode/2up ''Life Assurance In India''] by P.A.S. Mani 1950 Archive.org
*''European Adventurers Of Northern India 1785 to 1849'' by C. Grey first published in 1929 may be read online on the [[Online books#Digital Library of India| Digital Library of India]] website, in TIFF format, or as a [http://dli.serc.iisc.ernet.in/handle/2015/62849 pdf download]. It is also available to download as a pdf  from [[Online books#Pahar-Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset|Pahar-Mountains of Central Asia Digital Dataset]]. A description of the book says “This is a record of the adventurers, buccaneers, buffoons and entrepeneurs who cut a swathe through the heart of the Raj, before and during the golden age of British-ruled India.”<ref>[http://www.naval-military-press.com/european-adventurers-of-northern-india-1785-to-1849.html Naval and Military Press]</ref> Read more about the book in this link from  [http://www.thesikhencyclopedia.com/historical-events/the-british-and-sikhs-1849-1947/european-adventurers-of-northern-india The Sikh Encyclopedia]. It contains biographical sketches of over one hundred Europeans who came to or served in the Punjab during Sikh times.
*British Agency Houses in India are mentioned [http://books.google.com/books?id=g39R7HVHbBcC&pg=PA65  page 65] ''Merchants to Multinationals: British Trading Companies in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries'' by Geoffrey Jones 2002 Preview Google Books
*[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=V2AoAAAAYAAJ&pg=PR3 ''The rifle in Cashmere : a narrative of shooting expeditions in Ladak, Cashmere, Punjaub, etc., with advice on travelling, shooting, and stalking : to which are added notes on army reform and Indian politics''] by Arthur Brinckman, late of HM’s 94th Regt. 1862 Google Books 
*[http://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.$b52048?urlappend=%3Bseq=11 ''Vazeeri Rupi, the silver country of the Vazeers, in Kulu: its beauties, antiquities, and silver mines. Including a trip over the lower Himalayah range and glaciers. With numerous illustrations''] by J. Calvert. 2nd Edition 1873 Hathi Trust. Kulu (Kooloo), Punjab is situated in the hills between Kashmir and Simla.
*[https://archive.org/details/highlandsindia01newagoog ''The Highlands of India Strategically Considered''] by Major General D J F Newall R A (Bengal retired) 1882 Archive.org
:[https://archive.org/details/highlandsindia00newagoog ''The Highlands of India, Volume II, being a Chronicle of Field Sports and Travel in India''] by Major General D J F Newall R A (Bengal Retired) 1887 Archive.org
*[https://archive.org/details/lightsshadesofhi00gore ''Lights & Shades of Hill Life in the Afghan and Hindu Highlands of the Punjab, a Contrast''] by F St J Gore 1895 Archive.org. With photographs by the author. Part I Kulu. Part II Kuram.
*''Selections from the Punjab Government Records''. Edited by A. Raynor and H. R. Goulding c 1911. Pdf downloads, Digital Library of India
**vol. 1. [http://dli.serc.iisc.ernet.in/handle/2015/529192 ''Records Of The Delhi Residency And Agency Vol.1''] 1911
**vol. 2. [http://dli.serc.iisc.ernet.in/handle/2015/63194 ''Records Of The Ludhiana Agency Vol.ii''] 1911
**vol. 3. ''Political Diaries of the Agent to the Governor-General, North-West Frontier and Resident at Lahore [Sir Henry Lawrence]. From 1st January 1847 to 4th March, 1848''. 1909.  [http://dli.serc.iisc.ernet.in/handle/2015/529193 Pdf download]
**vol. 4. ''Journals and Diaries of the Assistants to the Agent, Governor-General, North-West Frontier, and Resident at Lahore, 1846-1849''. [By James Abbott, George St. P. Lawrence and others.] 1911. [http://dli.serc.iisc.ernet.in/handle/2015/529194  Pdf download]
**vol. 5. ''Political Diaries of Lieut. H. B. Edwardes, Assistant to the Resident at Lahore, 1847-1849''.  1911. [http://dli.serc.iisc.ernet.in/handle/2015/529196 Pdf download]
**vol. 6. ''Political Diaries of Lieutenant Reynell G. Taylor, Mr. P. Sandys Melvill [and others] ... 1847-1849.'' 1915. [http://dli.serc.iisc.ernet.in/handle/2015/103321 Pdf download]
**vol. 7. ''Mutiny Records. Correspondence''. 2 pt. 1911. [http://dli.serc.iisc.ernet.in/handle/2015/281777  ''Mutiny Records Correspondence In Two Part Part I 1911'': POSSIBLY  Volume 7],  [http://dli.serc.iisc.ernet.in/handle/2015/103324 ''Mutiny Records Correspondence Vol.7 Pt.2 1911'']  
**vol. 8. ''Mutiny Records. Reports''. 2 pt. 1911. [http://dli.serc.iisc.ernet.in/handle/2015/529198  ''Mutiny Records Reports Vol.8; Pt.1 1911''],  [http://dli.serc.iisc.ernet.in/handle/2015/529197 ''Mutiny Records Reports Vol.8; Pt.2'']
**vol. 9. ''Selections from Note-Books kept by Captain G. Birch, Assistant to Agent to the Governor-General, Karnal Agency, 1818-1821''.1921. [http://dli.serc.iisc.ernet.in/handle/2015/281915  Pdf download]
*''Turmoil and Tragedy in India, 1914 and After'' by Lieut.-General Sir George MacMunn 1935 is available as a [http://dli.serc.iisc.ernet.in/handle/2015/177667 pdf download] Digital Library of India. It is catalogued as ''Turmoil The Tragedy In India 1914''.
*[http://dli.serc.iisc.ernet.in/handle/2015/59323 ''Kapurthala State Its Past And Present''] 1921.  Pdf download, Digital Library of India.
 
== References ==
<references />


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[[Category:Occupations]]
[[Category:Locations]]
[[Category:Commerce and trade]]
[[Category:Provinces]]

Revision as of 02:38, 18 October 2015

Map showing its districts and princely states

Punjab referred to the areas between the five rivers which were Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas and Sutlej and which were the territory of the Sikh Empire. The present Punjab region covers the area of the two modern states of the same name (one on each side of the India-Pakistan border) as well as the Indian state of Haryana.

History

Following the 2nd Sikh War the Punjab was annexed by the British in 1849 and became part of the Bengal Presidency. In 1901 Lord Curzon authorised the division of Punjab. The North West Frontier Province was created with five districts and five agencies. Delhi was separated to become the new capital. The remaining part of Punjab formed a separate province which was subsequently partitioned between India and Pakistan in 1947.

Government

  • 1897-1920: Council of the Lieutenant Governor of the Punjab.
  • 1921-1936: Punjab Legislative Council
  • 1937-1947: Punjab Legislative Assembly
Legislators

Capital

Divisions

At the turn of the 20th century there were five administrative divisions:

  • Delhi
  • Jullunder
  • Lahore
  • Multan
  • Rawalpindi

Districts and other areas

To see divisions and districts in Punjab Province at the turn of the 20th century with their headquarter towns see Punjab Districts. Not all districts existed at the same time. Below is an attempt to list all districts that existed at one time or another under British rule.

In India

In Pakistan

NWFP

These 5 districts were part of Punjab until 1901 when they were separated to form the new province.

Cities and Towns

In India

In Pakistan

Princely States

India

Pakistan


External Links

Wikipedia

Other

Historical books online

Volume VII 1872, Volume IX 1874, Volume XIV 1879, Volume XVII 1882, Part II-Executive Volume XXXVII 1902, Part II-Executive Volume XLI 1906. Further volumes are available at Archive.org
Imperial Gazetteer of India: Provincial Series Punjab Volume II The Lahore, Rawalpindi and Multan Divisions and Native States 1908 Archive.org
The Highlands of India, Volume II, being a Chronicle of Field Sports and Travel in India by Major General D J F Newall R A (Bengal Retired) 1887 Archive.org

References

  1. ↑ Naval and Military Press

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