Great Indian Peninsula Railway
| Great Indian Peninsula Railway | ||
|---|---|---|
 The Bombay-Poona Mail in full flight about 1910 | ||
| Line of route | ||
| Bombay to Raichur (SE Division} Bombay to Jubbulpore (NE Division)) Bhusawal to Delhi Bhusawal to Nagpur | ||
| Gauge / mileage | ||
| Broad gauge | 1562 miles (1905) | |
| Timeline | ||
| 1845 | Company formed | |
| 1853 | First section of line open to traffic | |
| 1871 | Through trains to Calcutta via Jubbulpore | |
| Dhond-Manmad State Railway absorbed | ||
| 1900 | Line acquired by State | |
| Key locations | ||
| Presidency | Bombay | |
| Stations | Kalyan, Poona, Hotgi, Wadi, Ahmadnagar, Akola, Chanda, Khandwa, Itarsi, Narsinghpur | |
| System agency | ||
| Worked by Great Indian Peninsula Railway | ||
| How to interpret this infobox | ||
| Great Indian Peninsula Railway | ||
|---|---|---|
 Great Indian Peninsula Railway device | ||
| System timeline | ||
| 1900 | Company re-formed to work State line | |
| 1925 | Government takes over working of system | |
| Constituent companies / lines | ||
| Great Indian Peninsula Railway | ||
| Agra-Delhi Chord Railway | ||
| Bhopal-Itarsi Railway | ||
| Bhopal-Ujjain Railway | ||
| Bina-Goona-Baran Railway | ||
| Gwalior Light Railway | ||
| 1900 | Indian Midland Railway | |
| Key locations | ||
| Headquarters | Bombay | |
| Workshops | Parel | |
| Major Stations | Agra, Ahmadnagar, Akola, Amraoti, Banda, Bhopal, Bhusawal, Cawnpore, Chanda, Delhi, Dholpur, Gwalior, Hotgi, Itarsi, Jhansi, Jubbulpore, Khandwa, Muttra, Nagpur, Narsinghpue, Poona, Raichur, Saugor, Wadi | |
| Successor system / organisation | ||
| 1951 | Central Railway (IR zone) | |
| System mileage | ||
| Broad gauge | 2988 miles (1905) 3363 miles (1943) | |
| 2' 0" NG | 183 miles (1905) 202 miles (1943) | |
| Associated auxiliary force | ||
| Great Indian Peninsula Railway Regiment | ||
| How to interpret this infobox | ||
Like most of the early railways in India, the Great Indian Peninsula Railway (GIPR) was a British company, registered in London, privately owned and financed, operating under licence and guarantee from the (British) Board of Control in India and the East India Company (EIC).
History
Formed in 1845, it was not until 1849 (at the urging of the then Governor, Lord Dalhousie) that the EIC sanctioned the GIPR to construct an experimental line, built to the broad gauge of 5' 6", eastward from Bombay. The first sod was turned on 31 October 1850 and the first locomotive was used in construction on 22 December 1851, but the first passenger train in India did not run until 16 April 1853, when a train, with 14 railway carriages and 400 guests, left Bombay bound for Thane, hauled by three locomotives: Sindh, Sultan, and Sahib. The 21 mile journey took an hour and fifteen minutes over the first section of the GIPR to be opened.
By 1859, GIPR was tasked with "the construction and working of the following lines, all of which terminate at Bombay, - viz. from Bombay, via Callian, to Jubbulpore, to meet the East Indian Railway Company's line from Allahabad, with branches to Mahim and Nagpore - 870 miles; and from Callian, via Poonah and Sholapore, to the opposite side of the river Kristna, to meet the line, via Bellary, from Madras - 366 miles - total, 1,236 miles. Capital 10,000,000ll. Rate of Interest Guaranteed - 5 per cent. on 8,000,000l. capital, and 4½ per cent. on 333,000l. debentures, the balance to be raised upon arrangements to be hereafter made."[1]
When, in 1871, the GIPR eventually reached Jubbulpore and linked to the East Indian Railway (EIR), it completed Dalhousie’s dream of a Bombay-Calcutta route.
Bombay's Victoria Terminus was both the principal station and GIPR's HQ; designed by architect Frederick William Stevens, it opened on Queen Victoria's 1887 Golden Jubilee. On 30 June 1900, the assets of the GIPR were purchased by the GoI and merged with those of the Indian Midland Railway into a "new" GIPR, managed by the old company.
On 1 July 1925, the GoI took over direct control of the GIPR and transferred the Allahabad to Jubbulpore branch of the EIR to the GIPR.
In 1951, the GIPR combined with the Nizam's Guaranteed State Railway, the Dholpur State Railway and the Scindia State Railway to become Central Railway, a zone of Indian Railways.
The principal economic benefit of the GIPR: cotton from the Deccan was exported from Bombay to Manchester to fill the trade gap created by the American Civil War.
Design and construction: Bhore Ghat Incline - between Bombay and Poona
Civil Engineers included:
GIPR Chief Engineer 1849 - 1862: Mr. James James Berkley (surveyor and route designer).
Consultant engineer 1847 - 1867: Mr Arthur Anderson West (surveyor of the Bhore Gate Incline)[2]
GIPR Engineers: Messrs. Adamson and Clowser, subsequently replaced by Messrs. West and Tate in Nov 1859.
Construction Contractors
Autumn 1855 Mr William Frederick Faviell , work begun at Bhore Ghat on the 24th January 1856. In March 1859, Mr. Faviell gave up his contract; and, for a short time, GIPR's engineers Messrs. Swainson Adamson and George Louis Clowser, carried on the works.
The GIPR construction contract was relet in November 1859 to Mr. Solomon Tredwell, but he died within fifteen days of landing in India. Mrs. Alice Tredwell assumed the contract and appointed Messrs. Adamson and Clowser to manage the contract for her, in her absence - as Mrs. Tredwell returned to England. This arrangement was to last seven years.
“These gentlemen (Adamson and Clowser) carried on the work with the greatest zeal and ability.” Labour management could limit construction progress, but “by their good and liberal management (Adamson and Clowser) collected and kept on the work a force of 25,000 men during two seasons, and in 1861 of more than 42,000 men.”[3]
Incline length: 15 miles, tunnels: 26 (totalling 2.25 miles in length),and 8 viaducts of masonry construction.
Records
The following are held in the India Office Records at the British Library.
- L/AG/46/12/86 : GIPR Lists of appointments (officers 1849-1885; workmen 1852-1880)
- L/AG/46/12/88 : GIPR Contracts of employment (officers 1886-1925; workmen 1881-1925)
- Z/L/AG/46 : Index to UK Appointments to Indian Railways (1849-1925)
- Mss Eur D1184/14 : Letters to Arthur A West from G L Clowser Nov 1860-Nov 1861 British Library, Asia, Pacific and Africa Collections
Notes
- ↑ "Money Market and City Intelligence", The Times, Wednesday, 15 June 1859, #23333, 7a.
- ↑ Obituary of Arthur Anderson West p363
- ↑ Railways Thana District Gazetteer
External Links
- Solomon and Alice Tredwell, contractors for Bhore Ghat Instone Family Tree.
- GIPR picture gallery Science & Society Picture Library.
- GIPR picture gallery David Flitcroft's Photographs.
- "Guaranteed Railways in India" Hansard 1803-2005 (accessed 04 December 2008)
- History (of Central Railway) Central Railway (Indian Railways).
- Victoria Terminus Wikipedia
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See our interactive map of the North East Division locations and routes on Google Maps | |
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